 | Leaders of Romania |
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Look for biographies of the leaders (in Spanish) at CIDOB website. Also visit a detailed page on Romanian Governments since 1990 to know more about the ruling parties.
Late parties:
PCR: Romanian Communist Party (1921-1990)
PNT: National Peasant Party (1989-1990 > PNTCD)
PUNR: Party of Romanian National Unity (1990-2006 > PC)
FSN: National Salvation Front (1990-1992 > FDSN)
PSDR: Romanian Social Democratic Party (1990-2001 > PSD)
FDSN: Democratic National Salvation Front (1990-1993 > PDSR)
PAC: Party of Civic Alliance (1991-1998 > PNL)
PUR: Humanist Party of Romania (1991-2005 > PC)
CDR: Democratic Convention of Romania (alliance, 1991-2000)
ANCD: Christian Democratic National Alliance (1991-2001 > PNTCD)
PD: Democratic Party (1993-2007 > PD-L)
PDSR: Party of Social Democracy in Romania (1993-2001 > PSD)
PAR: Alternative Party of Romania (1996-1999 > UFD)
PLD: Liberal Democratic Party (2006-2008 > PD-L)
PNR: Romanian National Party (1998-2000 > AN)
AN: National Alliance (2000-2001 > PD)
ApR: Alliance for Romania (1997-2002 > PNL)
UFD: Union of Rightist Forces (1999-2003 > PNL)
Current parties:
UDMR/RMDSZ: Hungarian Democratic Federation of Romania (1989)
PNTCD: National Peasant Party Christian Democratic (1990)
PNL: National Liberal Party (1990)
PSM: Socialist Labour Party (1990)
PRM: Party of Great Romania (1991)
PS: Socialist Party (1995)
PSD: Social Democratic Party (2001)
PC: Conservative Party (2005)
PD-L: Democratic Liberal Party (2007)
UNPR: National Union for the Progress of Romania
   Heads of State
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King
Mihai I 6 Sep 1940 - 30 Dec 1947
Presidents of the Presidium of the Grand National Assembly
Constantin Ion Parhon 30 Dec 1947 - 2 Jun 1952 (+1969) PCR
Petru Groza 2 Jun 1952 - 7 Jan 1958 (+1958) PCR (deputy, acting)
Mihai Sadoveanu + (+1961) PCR (deputy, acting)
Anton Moisescu 7 Jan 1958 - 11 Jan 1958 PCR
Ion Gheorghe Maurer 11 Jan 1958 - 21 Mar 1961 (+2000) PCR
Chairmen of the Council of State
Gheorghe Gheorghiu-Dej 21 Mar 1961 - 19 Mar 1965 (+) PCR
Ion Gheorghe Maurer + (+2000) PCR (deputy, acting)
Stefan Voitec + (+1984) PCR (deputy, acting)
Avram Bunaciu 19 Mar 1965 - 24 Mar 1965 (+1983) PCR (deputy, acting)
Chivu Stoica 24 Mar 1965 - 9 Dec 1967 (+1975) PCR
Nicolae Ceausescu 9 Dec 1967 - 28 Mar 1974 (+1989) PCR
President of the Republic
Nicolae Ceausescu 28 Mar 1974 - 22 Dec 1989 (+)e PCR
National Democracy Committee
22 Dec 1989 - 23 Dec 1989 military/civilian (provisional)
Council of the National Salvation Front (*)
23 Dec 1989 - 26 Dec 1989 military/civilian (provisional)
President of the National Salvation Front
Ion Iliescu 26 Dec 1989 - 13 Feb 1990 PCR, n/p
President of the Provisional National Unity Council
Ion Iliescu 13 Feb 1990 - 20 Jun 1990 FSN
Presidents of the Republic
Ion Iliescu 20 Jun 1990 - 29 Nov 1996 FSN, FDSN, PDSR
Emil Constantinescu 29 Nov 1996 - 20 Dec 2000 PNTCD
Ion Iliescu 20 Dec 2000 - 20 Dec 2004 PDSR, PSD
Traian Basescu 20 Dec 2004 - PD
[Nicolae Vacaroiu 20 Apr 2007 - 23 May 2007] PSD (acting for suspended Basescu)
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(*) Original members of the Council of the National Salvation Front - Civilian: Ion Iliescu (spokesman), Doina Cornea, Ana Blandiana, Mircea Dinescu, László Tökés, Dumitru Mazilu, Dan Desliu (+1992), Aurel Dragos Munteanu, Corneliu Manescu (+2000), Alexandru Birladeanu (+1997), Silviu Brucan, Petre Roman, Ion Caramitru, Sergiu Nicolaescu, Mihai Montanu, Mihai Ispas, Gelu Voican-Voiculescu, Martian Dan (+2002), Vasile Neacsa, Cristina Ciontu, Marian Baciu, Bogdan Teodoriu, Eugenia Iorga, Paul Negritiu, Gheorghe Manole, Vladimir Ionescu, Adrian Sirbu, Constantin Cirjan, Géza Domokos, Magdalena Ionescu, Marian Mierla, Constantin Ivanovici, Vlad Ovidiu, Valeriu Bucurescu. Military: Gen. Stefan Guse (+1994), Gen. Victor Stanculescu, Gen. Dan Voinea, Cap. Mihail Lupoiu, Cap. Emil Dumitrescu.
| Heads of Government
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Prime ministers
Nicolae Radescu 2 Dec 1944 - 6 Mar 1945 (+1953)
Chairmen of the Council of Ministers
Petru Groza 6 Mar 1945 - 2 Jun 1952 (+1958) PCR
Gheorghe Gheorghiu-Dej 2 Jun 1952 - 2 Oct 1955 (+1965) PCR
Chivu Stoica 2 Oct 1955 - 21 Mar 1961 (+1975) PCR
Ion Gheorghe Maurer 21 Mar 1961 - 29 Mar 1974 (+2000) PCR
Manea Manescu 29 Mar 1974 - 29 Mar 1979 (+2009) PCR
Ilie Verdet 29 Mar 1979 - 21 May 1982 (+2001) PCR
Constantin Dascalescu 21 May 1982 - 25 Dec 1989 (+2003) PCR
Prime ministers
Petre Roman 26 Dec 1989 - 1 Oct 1991 FSN
Theodor Stolojan 1 Oct 1991 - 4 Nov 1992 n/p
Nicolae Vacaroiu 4 Nov 1992 - 12 Dec 1996 n/p, PDSR
Victor Ciorbea 12 Dec 1996 - 30 Mar 1998 PNTCD
Gavril Dejeu 30 Mar 1998 - 2 Apr 1998 PNTCD (interim)
Radu Vasile 2 Apr 1998 - 14 Dec 1999 PNTCD
Alexandru Athanasiu 14 Dec 1999 - 22 Dec 1999 PSDR (interim)
Mugur Isarescu 22 Dec 1999 - 28 Dec 2000 n/p
Adrian Năstase 28 Dec 2000 - 21 Dec 2004 PDSR/PSD
Eugen Bejinariu 21 Dec 2004 - 29 Dec 2004 PSD (interim)
Calin Popescu-Tariceanu 29 Dec 2004 - 22 Dec 2008 PNL
Emil Boc 22 Dec 2008 - PD-L
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Leaders of the PCR
General Secretary
Gheorghe Gheorghiu-Dej Oct 1945 - 20 Apr 1954 (+1965)
First Secretaries
Gheorghe Apostol 20 Apr 1954 - 30 Sep 1955 (+2010)
Gheorghe Gheorghiu-Dej 30 Sep 1955 - 19 Mar 1965 (+)
General Secretary
Nicolae Ceausescu 22 Mar 1965 - 25 Dec 1989 (+)e
Founded in 1921, in Feb 1948 the PCR merged with a wing of the Social Democratic Party to form the Romanian Workers' Party (PMR). In Jul 1965 the party recovered the original name. Declared ilegal on 12 Jan 1990.
| Chairmen of the Chamber of Deputies
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Martian Dan 1990-1992 (+2002) FSN, FDSN
Adrian Năstase 1992-1996 FDSN, PDSR
Ion Diaconescu 1996-2000 PNTCD
Valer Dorneanu 2000-2004 PDSR, PSD
Adrian Năstase 2004-2006 PSD
Bogdan Olteanu 2006-2008 PNL
Roberta Alma Anastase 2008- PD-L
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| Chairmen of the Senate
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Alexandru Birladeanu 1990-1992 (+1997) FSN
Oliviu Gherman 1992-1996 FDSN, PDSR
Petre Roman 1996-1999 PD
Mircea Ionescu-Quintus 1999-2000 PNL
Nicolae Vacaroiu 2000-2008 PDSR, PSD
Mircea Dan Geoana 2008- PSD
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| Deputy Prime Ministers
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Mihai Draganescu 1989-1990 (+2010) FSN
Gelu Voican-Voiculescu 1989-1990 FSN
Adrian Severin 1990-1991 FSN
Dan Nica 2008-2009 PSD
Vasile Blaga 2009 PD-L (interim)
Béla Markó 2009- UDMR/RMDSZ
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| Ministers of Foreign Affairs
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Ana Pauker 1947-1952 (+1960) PCR
Simion Bughici 1952-1955 (+1997) PCR
Grigore Preoteasa 1955-1957 (+) PCR
Ion Gheorghe Maurer 1957-1958 (+2000) PCR
Avram Bunaciu 1958-1961 (+1983) PCR
Corneliu Manescu 1961-1972 (+2000) PCR
Gheorghe Macovescu 1972-1978 (+2002) PCR
Stefan Andrei 1978-1985 PCR
Ilie Vaduva 1985-1986 PCR
Ioan Totu 1986-1989 (+1992) PCR
Ion Stoian 1989 FSN
Sergiu Celac 1989-1990 FSN
Adrian Năstase 1990-1992 FSN, FDSN
Teodor Viorel Melescanu 1992-1996 FDSN, PDSR
Adrian Severin 1996-1997 PD
Andrei Plesu 1997-1999 n/p
Petre Roman 1999-2000 PD
Mircea Dan Geoana 2000-2004 n/p, PSD
Mihai Razvan Ungureanu 2004-2007 PD
Calin Popescu-Tariceanu 2007 PNL (acting)
Adrian Mihai Cioroianu 2007-2008 PNL
Lazar Comanescu 2008 PNL
Cristian Diaconescu 2008-2009 PSD
Catalin Predoiu 2009 n/p (interim)
Teodor Baconschi 2009-2012 PD-L
Cristian Diaconescu 2012- UNPR
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| Ministers of Defence
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Constantin Vasiliu-Rascanu 1945-1946 (+1980) military
Mihail Lascar 1946-1947 (+1959) military
Emil Bodnaras 1947-1955 (+1976) military
Leontin Salajan 1955-1966 (+) military
Ion Ionita 1966-1976 (+1987) military
Ion Coman 1976-1980 military
Constantin Olteanu 1980-1985 military
Vasile Milea 1985-1989 (+)s military
Nicolae Militaru 1989-1990 (+1996) military
Victor Atanasie Stanculescu 1990-1991 military
Nicolae Spiroiu 1991-1994 military
Gheorghe Tinca 1994-1996 PDSR
Victor Babiuc 1996-1998 PD
Constantin Dudu Ionescu 1998 PNTCD
Victor Babiuc 1998-2000 PD, n/p
Sorin Frunzaverde 2000 PD
Ion Mircea Pascu 2000-2004 PDSR, PSD
Teodor Athanasiu 2004-2006 PNL
Sorin Frunzaverde 2006-2007 PD
Teodor Viorel Melescanu 2007-2008 PNL
Mihai Stanisoara 2008-2009 PD-L
Gabriel Oprea 2009- n/p
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| Ministers of the Interior
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Teohari Georgescu 1945-1952 (+1976) PCR
Alexandru Draghici 1952 (+1993) PCR
Pavel Stefan 1952-1953 PCR
Alexandru Draghici 1953-1965 (+1993) PCR
Cornel Onescu 1965-1972 PCR
Ion Stanescu 1972-1973 PCR
Emil Bobu 1973-1978 PCR
George Homostean 1978-1987 PCR
Tudor Postelnicu 1987-1989 PCR
Mihai Chitac 1989-1990 (+2010) military
Doru Viorel Ursu 1990-1991 FSN
Victor Babiuc 1991-1992 FSN
Gheorghe Ioan Danescu 1992-1994 military
Doru Ioan Taracila 1994-1996 PDSR
Gavril Dejeu 1996-1999 PNTCD
Constantin Dudu Ionescu 1999-2000 PNTCD
Ioan Rus 2000-2004 PDSR, PSD
Marian Florian Saniuta 2004 PSD
Vasile Blaga 2004-2007 PD
Cristian David 2007-2008 PNL
Gabriel Oprea 2008-2009 PSD
Dan Nica 2009 PSD (interim)
Liviu Dragnea 2009 PSD
Dan Nica 2009 PSD
Vasile Blaga 2009-2010 PD-L
Constantin Traian Igas 2010- PD-L
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| Ministers of Economy and/or Finance
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Finance
Mircea Duma 1945
Alexandru Alexandrini 1945-1947 PNL
Vasile Luca 1947-1952 (+1963) PCR
Dumitru Petrescu 1952-1955 (+1969) PCR
Manea Manescu 1955-1957 (+2009) PCR
Aurel Vijoli 1957-1968 (+1981) PCR
Virgil Parvu 1968-1969 PCR
Florea Dumitrescu 1969-1978 PCR
Paul Niculescu-Mizil 1978-1981 (+2008) PCR
Petre Gigea 1981-1986 PCR
Alexandru Babe 1986-1987 PCR
Gheorghe Paraschiv 1987-1989 PCR
Economy
Victor A. Stanculescu 1989-1990 military
Finance
Ion Patan 1989-1990
Theodor Stolojan 1990-1991 n/p
Economy & Finance
Eugen Dijmarescu 1991 FSN
Gheorghe Danielescu 1991-1992 PNL
Florin Georgescu 1992-1996 n/p
Finance
Mircea Ciumara 1996-1997 PNTCD
Daniel Daianu 1997-1998 n/p
Decebal Traian Remes 1998-2000 PNL
Mihai Nicolae Tanasescu 2000-2004 PDSR, PSD
Ionut Popescu 2004-2005 PNL
Sebastian Vladescu 2005-2007 PNL
Varujan Vosganian 2007-2008 PNL
Gheorghe Pogea 2008-2009 PD-L
Sebastian Vladescu 2009-2010 n/p
Gheorghe Ialomitianu 2010- PD-L
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The National Salvation Front that came to power on 22 Dec 1989 as civilian-military revolutionary junta constitued itself as a party on 6 Feb 1990. On 7 Apr 1992 the pro-Iliescu wing split off and formed the FDSN. On 10 Jul 1993 FDSN, Socialist Democratic Party of Romania (PDSR), Republican Party (PR) and Cooperative Party (PC) merged to form the PDSR. On 16 Jun 2001 the PDSR merged with the PSDR to form the PSD.
 Leaders of PNTCD
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Chairmen
Corneliu Coposu 1989-1995 (+)
Ion Diaconescu 1996-2000
Coordinator chairman of the Transition Leadership Bureau
Constantin Dudu Ionescu 2000-2001
Chairmen
Andrei Marga 2001
Victor Ciorbea 2001-2004
Gheorghe Ciuhandu 2004-2007
Marian Petre Milut 2007-
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The historical PNT was founded in 1926 from the merger of the National (PNR) and Peasant (PT) parties. Disbanded by the Communists on 29 Jul 1947, was restablished on 26 Dec 1989 and registered in Jan 1990 as PNTCD.
  Chairmen of PNL
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Radu Campeanu 1990-1993
Mircea Ionescu-Quintus 1993-2001
Valeriu Stoica 2001-2002
Theodor Stolojan 2002-2004
Calin Popescu-Tariceanu 2004-2009
Crin Antonescu 2009-
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The historical PNL (founded 1875) was disbanded by the Communists in 1947 and registered again on 6 Jan 1990. In the period 1992-93 the PNL suffered three major splits that subsequently became parties: a) Liberal Party '93 (PL'93), b) PNL-Democratic Convention (PNL-CD) and c) PNL-Campeanu (PNL-C).
a) PL'93 (chair, Horia Mircea Rusu, +2001) became the Liberal Party (PL) in 1997. Some early dissidents constitued themselves in Mar 1995 as the Liberal Political Group merged into the PNL on 13 May 1995.
b) PNL-CD (chair, Nicolae Cerveni) appeared in Apr 1992. On 14 Jun 1997 it merged with PL'93 to form the above-referred PL (chair, Nicolae Cerveni); that move caused (Mar 1997) an split led by maverick Alexandru Popovici.
c) PNL-C (chair, Radu Campeanu) joined the PL to set up a Liberal Federation (FL) on 6 Mar 1998. On 27 Sep 2003 the PNL-C returned to the PNL, ceasing to exist.
PL finally merged into the PNL on 4 Jul 1999, shortly after suffering an split led by Cerveni, who remained as leader of FL, then named Liberal Democratic Party (PLD). Last PL leader was Dinu Patriciu. PNL was a member of CDR up to Aug 2000.
  Chairmen of PD and PD-L
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Petre Roman 1993-2001
Traian Basescu 2001-2004
Emil Boc 2004- (acting to 2005)
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On 28-29 May 1993 the pro-Roman wing within the FSN merged with the Democratic Party (PD), to form the Democratic Party-National Salvation Front (PD-FSN), then known simply as PD. On 27 Sep 1995 PD and PSDR formed the electoral alliance Social Democratic Union (USD). Up to 1997, several minor parties merged into PD, ceasing to exist: the Traditional Social Democratic Party (PSDT), the Democratic Party of Labour (PDM), the Romanian Democratic Front (FDR) and the Party of Social Democratic Unity (PUSD). On 15 Dec 2007 the PD changed its name to PD-L upon merger with T. Stolojan's PLD.
 Chairman of UDMR/RMDSZ
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Géza Domokos 1989-1993
Béla Markó 1993-
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UDMR/RMDSZ was founded on 25 Dec 1989.
 Chairman of PRM
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Corneliu Vadim Tudor 1991- [
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PRM was founded on 20 Jun 1991.
 Chairman of PUR and PC
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Dan Voiculescu 1991-2008
Daniela Popa 2008-
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PUR was founded on 18 Dec 1991 and changed its name to PC on 7 May 2005.
 Chairman of PS
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Ilie Cioaca 1995-
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PS was founded on 1 Mar 1995 by splinters of PSM.
Chairman of PSM
Ilie Verdet 1990-2000 (+2001)
Ion Sasu 2000-
PSM was founded on 16 Nov 1990.
 Chairmen of CDR and CDR 2000 (1991-2000)
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Emil Constantinescu 1992-1996
Ion Diaconescu 1996-2000
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CDR was set up in Nov 1991 as an alliance of about 20 political parties and non-party organizations to oppose the ruling FSN. Major members were PNTCD, PNL (out Apr 1992-Dec 1995), PNL-CD, PAR (quitted 27 Oct 1998), Romanian Ecologist Movement (MER) and Romanian Ecologist Federation (FER). PSDR, PL'93 and PAC quitted in Mar 1995, while UDMR was ousted as a member in Feb 1995. By early 2000 CDR was comprised by PNTCD, PNL, FER and the Romanian Ecologist Party (PER).
On 31 Aug 2000 PNTCD, UFD, ANCD, FER and the Party of Moldavians (PM) set up a new alliance called CDR 2000.
 Chairmen of PSDR (1989-2001)
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Sergiu Cunescu 1990-1999
Alexandru Athanasiu 1999-2001
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The historical PSDR was founded in 1893, banned in 1948 on forced merged with the Communist party, restablished in Dec 1989 and registered on 17 Jan 1990. On 16 Jun 2001 the party merged with the PDSR to form the PSD.
 Leaders of PUNR (1990-2006)
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Chairmen
Radu Ceontea 1990-1992
Gheorghe Funar 1992-1997
Valeriu Tabara 1997-2000
Head of the provisional Commission
Valeriu Tabara 2001
Chairmen
Valeriu Tabara 2001-2002
Mircea Chelaru 2002-2006
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PUNR began in Apr 1990 as Romanian National Unity Party of Transylvania (PUNRT); in 1991 became a national party an changed its name to PUNR. Funar was ousted as chairman on 22 Feb 1997 and expelled from the party on 4 Nov 1997. On 25 Apr 1998 launched his own force, the Party of Romanian Unity Alliance (PAUR), which left on 16 Nov 1998 to join PRM as its general secretary. The PAUR, reduced to those who didn't follow Funar, merged into PDSR on 29 May 1999. On 9 Aug 2000 PUNR merged with PNR to form AN, but on 4 Feb 2001 some leaders just withdrawn from the new party decided to register PUNR again. The PUNR actually gained its previous single status when the AN was disbanded on 23 Jun 2001. On 12 Feb 2006 it was absorbed into the PC.
Chairman of PAC (1991-1998)
Nicolae Manolescu 1991-1998
PAC was founded on 1 Aug 1991 and merged into the PNL on 28 Feb 1998.
 Chairman of ApR (1997-2002)
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Teodor Viorel Melescanu 1997-2002
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ApR was registered by splinters of PDSR on 11 Aug 1997. On 19 Jan 2002 merged with the PNL
 Chairman of ANCD (1999-2001)
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Victor Ciorbea 1999-2001
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ANCD was founded by splinters of PNTCD on 17 Apr 1999. In Aug 2000 was an original member of the new CDR 2000 alliance. On 6 Jun 2001 the party rejoined the PNTCD and ceased to exist.
Leaders of PNR (1998-2000)
Chairmen
Mihai Berca 1998-1999
Viorel Catarama 1999
Virgil Magureanu 1999-2000
General Secretaties
Virgil Magureanu 1998-1999
Mircea Cranta 1999-2000
PNR was born on 14 Mar 1998 from the merger of two parties: the Romanian Democratic Agrarian Party (PDAR, chairmen Victor Surdu 1990-97 and Mihai Berca 1997-98) and the New Romania Party (PNR, chair Ovidiu Traznea). The Liberal Christian Party (PLC) joined shortly after that year and on 29 May 1999 the PLD also merged into. On 9 Aug 2000 PNR merged with PUNR to form the AN. On 23 Jun 2001 the AN approved to be merged into the PD, excluding the previous ranks from PUNR.
 Chairman of AN (2000-2001)
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Virgil Magureanu +
Valeriu Tabara 2000-2001
Virgil Magureanu 2001
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The AN appeared on 9 Aug 2000 as the merger of PUNR and PNR. After suffering the split of former PNUR militants, the party was disbanded on 23 Jun 2001 as it merged into the PD.
 Chairmen of PAR / UFD (1996-2003)
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Varujan Vosganian 1996-1999
Varujan Vosganian +
Adrian Iorgulescu 1999-2001
Adrian Iorgulescu 2001-2003
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PAR was founded in 1996 and changed its name to UFD on 28 Mar 1999. UFD was an original member of the CDR 2000 coalition, launched in Aug 2000. On 19 Apr 2003 the party approved to merge into the PNL, so ceased to exist.
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http://www.terra.es/personal2/monolith/romania.htm | mothman@teleline.es |
Leaders of FSN, FDSN, PDSR and PSD