 | Leaders of the Netherlands
(Kingdom of the Netherlands) |
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Look for biographies of the leaders (in Spanish) at CIDOB website. Also visit a detailed page on Dutch Governments since 1990 to know more about the ruling parties.
Late parties: ARP: Anti-Revolutionary Party (1878-1980); SDAP: Social Democratic Labour Party (1894-1946); VDB: Liberal Democratic League (+1948); CDU: Christian Democratic Union (+1946); CHU: Christian Historical Union (1908-1980); SDP: Social Democratic Party (1909-1919); CPH/CPN: Communist Party of Holland (1919-1991); PPR: Political Party Radicals (1968-1990); KVP: Catholic People's Party (1922-1980); VDB: Liberal Democratic League (+1946); GPV: Reformed Political Alliance (1948-2004); PSP: Pacifist Socialist Party (1957-1990); NEV: National Evangelic Alliance (1966-1975); ARJC: Anti-Revolutionary Youth Contact (1971-1975); RPF: Reformed Political Federation (1975-2004); EPV: Evangelic Progressive People's Party (1978-1981); EVP: Evangelic People's Party (1981-1991)
Current parties: SGP: Political Reformed Party (1918); PvdA: Labour Party (1946); VVD: People's Party for Freedom and Democracy (1948); D66: Democrats 66 (1966); SP: Socialist Party (1972); CDA: Christian Democratic Appeal (1980); GL: Groen Links/Green Left (1990); NNP: New National Party (1998); LN: Livable Netherlands (1999); OSF: Independent Senate Fraction (1999); LPF: List Pim Fortuyn (2002); CU: Christian Union (2004); n/p: non-party
 Queens
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Wilhelmina Helena Pauline Maria 23 Nov 1890 - 4 Sep 1948 (+1962)
Juliana Louise Emma Marie Wilhelmina 4 Sep 1948 - 30 Apr 1980 (+2004)
Beatrix Wilhelmina Armgard 30 Apr 1980 -
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| Minister-Presidents
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Pieter Sjoerds Gerbrandy 4 Sep 1940 - 25 Jun 1945 (+1961) ARP
Willem Schermerhorn 25 Jun 1945 - 3 Jul 1946 (+1977) VDB/PvdA
Louis Jozef Maria Beel 3 Jul 1946 - 7 Aug 1948 (+1977) KVP
Willem Drees 7 Aug 1948 - 22 Dec 1958 (+1988) PvdA
Louis Jozef Maria Beel 22 Dec 1958 - 19 May 1959 (+1977) KVP
Jan Eduard de Quay 19 May 1959 - 24 Jul 1963 (+1985) KVP
Victor Gérard Marie Marijnen 24 Jul 1963 - 14 Apr 1965 (+1975) KVP
Joseph Maria Laurens Theo (Jo) Cals 14 Apr 1965 - 22 Nov 1966 (+1971) KVP
Jelle Zijlstra 22 Nov 1966 - 5 Apr 1967 (+2001) ARP
Petrus Josephus Sietse (Piet) de Jong 5 Apr 1967 - 6 Jul 1971 KVP
Barend Willem Biesheuvel 6 Jul 1971 - 11 May 1973 (+2001) ARP
Johannes Marten (Joop) den Uyl 11 May 1973 - 19 Dec 1977 (+1987) PvdA
Andreas Maria (Andries) van Agt 19 Dec 1977 - 4 Nov 1982 CDA
Rudolphus Frans Marie (Ruud) Lubbers 4 Nov 1982 - 22 Aug 1994 CDA
Willem (Wim) Kok 22 Aug 1994 - 22 Jul 2002 PvdA
Jan Peter Balkenende 22 Jul 2002 - CDA
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| Ministers of Foreign Affairs
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Eelco Nicolaas van Kleffens 19 Aug 1939 - 1 Mar 1946 (+1983) n/p
Jan Herman van Roijen 1 Mar 1946 - 3 Jul 1946 (+1991) n/p
Carel Godfried Willem Hendrik,
Baron van den Boetzelaer van Oosterhout 3 Jul 1946 - 7 Aug 1948 (+1986) n/p
Dirk Uipko Stikker 7 Aug 1948 - 2 Sep 1952 (+1979) VVD
Johann (Jan) Willem Beyen 2 Sep 1952 - 13 Oct 1956 (+1976) n/p
Joseph Marie Antoine Hubert Luns 13 Oct 1956 - 6 Jul 1971 (+2002) KVP
Wilhelmus Klaes Norbert Schmelzer 6 Jul 1971 - 11 May 1973 (+2008) KVP
Max van der Stoel 11 May 1973 - 19 Dec 1977 PvdA
Christoph Albert (Chris) van der Klaauw 19 Dec 1977 - 11 Sep 1981 (+2005) VVD
Max van der Stoel 11 Sep 1981 - 30 May 1982 PvdA
Andreas Maria (Andries) van Agt 30 May 1982 - 4 Nov 1982 CDA
Hans van den Broek 4 Nov 1982 - 2 Jan 1993 CDA
Pieter Hendrik Kooijmans 2 Jan 1993 - 22 Aug 1994 CDA
Hendrik Anton (Hans) van Mierlo 22 Aug 1994 - 3 Aug 1998 D66
Jozias Johannes van Aartsen 3 Aug 1998 - 22 Jul 2002 VVD
Jakob Gijsbert (Jaap) de Hoop Scheffer 22 Jul 2002 - 1 Dec 2003 CDA
Bernard Rudolf (Ben) Bot 1 Dec 2003 - 22 Feb 2007 CDA
Maxime Jacques Marcel Verhagen 22 Feb 2007 - CDA
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(List courtesy of Bob Hilkens)
| Ministers of Defence
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Otto Cornelis van Lidth de Jeude 1942-1945 (+1952) LSP
James Marnix de Booy 1945 (+1969) n/p (acting)
Jan Eduard de Quay 1945 (+1985) RKSP
Johannes (Jo) Meynen 1945-1946 (+1980) ARP
Alexander Helenus Johannes Fiévez 1946-1948 (+1949) KVP
Willem Frederik (Wim) Schokking 1948-1950 (+1960) CHU
Hendrik Laurentius s'Jacobs 1950-1951 (+1967) n/p
Cornelis (Kees) Staf 1951-1959 (+1971) CHU
Sidney James van den Bergh 1959 (+1977) VVD
Jan Eduard de Quay 1959 (+1985) KVP (acting)
Simon Hendrik (Sim) Visser 1959-1963 (+1983) VVD
Petrus Josephus Sietse (Piet) de Jong 1963-1967 KVP
Willem Den Toom 1967-1971 (+1998) VVD
Henri Johan (Hans) de Koster 1971-1973 (+1992) VVD
Henk Vredeling 1973-1977 PvdA
Bram Stemerdink 1977 PvdA
Roelof Johannes Hendrik Kruisinga 1977-1978 CHU
Jan de Koning 1978 (+1994) ARP (acting)
Willem Scholten 1978-1980 CHU
Pieter Boudewijn Richard de Geus 1980-1981 CDA
Hendrik Anton (Hans) van Mierlo 1981-1982 D66
Jacob (Job) de Ruiter 1982-1986 CDA
Willem Frederik (Wim) van Eekelen 1986-1988 VVD
Piet Bukman 1998 CDA (acting)
Frederik (Frits) Bolkestein 1988-1989 VVD
Relus ter Beek 1989-1994 PvdA
Joris Jacob Clemens Voorhoeve 1994-1998 VVD
Franciscus Hendricus (Frank) de Grave 1998-2002 VVD
Albert Hendrik (Benk) Korthals 2002 VVD
Henricus Gregorius Jozeph (Henk) Kamp 2002-2007 VVD
Eimert van Middelkoop 2007- CU
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Until 1959 styled Ministry of War, with separate ministry for the Navy. (List courtesy of Bob Hilkens)
| Chairmen of the First Chamber of the States-General (Parliament)
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Willem Lodewijk,
baron de Vos van Steenwijk 1929-1946 (+1947) CHU
Roelof Kranenburg 1946-1951 (+1956) PvdA
Jan Anne Jonkman 1951-1966 (+1976) PvdA
Jannes Pieter Mazure 1966-1969 (+1990) PvdA
Maarten de Niet Gerritzoon 1969-1973 (+1979) PvdA
Theodorus (Theo) Thurlings 1973-1983 (+1997) KVP/CDA
Petrus (Piet) Steenkamp 1983-1991 CDA
Herman Diederik Tjeenk Willink 1991-1997 PvdA
Frits Korthals Altes 1997-2001 VVD
Gerrit Braks 2001-2003 CDA
Yvonne Timmerman-Buck 2003- CDA
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(List courtesy of Bob Hilkens)
| Chairmen of the Second Chamber of the States-General (Parliament)
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Josephus Robertus (Josef) van Schaik 1937-1948 (+1962) KVP
Leonardus Gerardus Kortenhorst 1948-1963 (+) KVP
Frans Joseph Fritz Marie van Thiel 1963-1972 (+1993) KVP
Anne Vondeling 1972-1979 (+) PvdA
Dirk (Dick) Dolman 1979-1989 PvdA
Willem (Wim) Joost Deetman 1989-1996 CDA
Piet Bukman 1996-1998 CDA
Jetlje van Nieuwenhoven 1998-2002 PvdA
Frans Weisglas 2002-2006 VVD
Gerardina Alida (Gerdi) Verbeet 2006- PvdA
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(List courtesy of Bob Hilkens)
 Leaders of CDA
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Chairman of the CDA federation
Petrus (Piet) Steenkamp 1975-1980
Chairmen
Piet Bukman 1980-1986
B. Fleers 1986
Willem (Wim) van Velzen 1987-1994
Tineke Lodders-Elfferich 1994-1995
Jan Helgers 1995-1998
Marnix van Rij 1998-2001
Bert de Vries 2001-2002 (acting)
Marja van Bijsterveldt-Vliegenthart 2002-
Political leaders (leaders in the Second Chamber of the States-General)
Willem Aantjes 1977
Andreas Maria (Andries) van Agt 1977
Willem Aantjes 1977-1978
Rudolphus Frans Marie (Ruud) Lubbers 1978-1981
Andreas Maria (Andries) van Agt 1981
Rudolphus Frans Marie (Ruud) Lubbers 1981-1982
Bert de Vries 1982-1989
Leonard Cornelis (Elco) Brinkman 1989-1994
Enneüs Heerma 1994-1997 (+1999)
Jakob Gijsbert (Jaap) de Hoop Scheffer 1997-2001
Jan Peter Balkenende 2001-2002
Maxime Jacques Marcel Verhagen 2002-2007
Petrus (Pieter) L. B. A. van Geel 2007-
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CDA was founded in 1975 as a federation of ARP, CHU and KVP. The three parties established a single parliamentary caucus in 1977 and merged to form a single party on 11 Oct 1980. (List courtesy of Carina Hoff and Bob Hilkens)
 Leaders of PvdA
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Chairmen
Jacobus Jan (Koos) Vorrink 1946-1953 (+1955)
Hein Vos 1953-1955 (interim)
Evert Vermeer 1955-1960
Hein Vos 1960-1961 (interim)
Jacobus Gerardus (Ko) Suurhoff 1961-1965 (+1967)
Sjeng Tans 1965-1969
Anne Vondeling 1969-1971 (+1979)
Andries van der Louw 1971-1974
Ien van den Heuvel-de Blank 1974-1979
Max van den Berg 1979-1986
Stan Poppe 1986-1987 (interim)
Marjanne Sint 1987-1991
Frits Castricum 1991-1992 (interim)
Felix Rottenberg 1992-1997
Karin Adelmund 1997-1998
Ruud Vreeman 1998-1999
Marijke van Hees 1999-2000
Mariëtte Hamer 2000-2001 (interim)
Rudolf Anton (Ruud) Koole 2001-2005
Michiel Frans van Hulten 2005-
Political leaders
Jonkheer van der Goes van Naters 1945-1951
Leendert Antonie Donker 1951-1952 (+1956)
Jaap Burger 1952-1962 (+1986)
Anne Vondeling 1962-1965 (+1979)
Gerard Marinus Nederhorst 1965-1967 (+1979)
Johannes Marten (Joop) den Uyl 1967-1973 (+1987)
Ed Van Thijn 1973-1978
Johannes Marten (Joop) den Uyl 1978-1981 (+1987)
Willem (Wim) Meijer 1981-1982
Johannes Marten (Joop) den Uyl 1982-1986 (+1987)
Willem (Wim) Kok 1986-1989
Thijs Wöltgens 1989-1994
Willem (Wim) Kok 1994
Jacques Wallage 1994-1998
Ad Melkert 1998-2002
Jetlje van Nieuwenhoven 2002
Wouter Jacob Bos 2002-2007
Jacques Tichelaar 2007-
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PvdA was founded in 1946 by the merger of SDAP, VDB and CDU. As VDB and most members of CDU left the party later, PvdA became in fact the continuity of SDAP. (List courtesy of Madeleine de Vries and Bob Hilkens)
 Leaders of VVD
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Chairmen
Dirk Uipko Stikker 1948 (+1979)
Peter (Piet) Jacobus Oud 1948-1963 (+1968)
Kornelis van der Pols 1963-1969
Gerarda (Haya) van Someren-Downer 1969-1975 (+1980)
Frits Korthals Altes 1975-1981
Jab Kamminga 1981-1986
Leendert Ginjaar 1986-1991
Dian van Leeuwen-Schut 1991-1994
Willem Hoekzema 1994-1999
Bas Eenhoorn 1999-2003
J. H. C. (Jan) van Zanen 2003-
Political leaders
Peter (Piet) Jacobus Oud 1948-1963 (+1968)
Willem Jacob Geertsema 1963-1966 (+1991)
Edzo Hendrik Toxopeus 1966-1969
Willem Jacob Geertsema 1969-1971 (+1991)
Hans Wiegel 1971-1977
Jacobus Gijsbert Rietkerk 1977-1981 (+1986)
Hans Wiegel 1981-1982
Eduardus (Ed) Hermannus Nijpels 1982-1986
Joris Jacob Clemens Voorhoeve 1986-1990
Frederik (Frits) Bolkestein 1990-1998
Hans Dijkstal 1998-2002
Gerrit Zalm 2002-2003
Jozias Johannes van Aartsen 2003-2006
Willibrord Ildefonsus Ignatius van Beek2006
Mark Rutte 2006-
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VVD was founded in 1948 by the merger of three liberal parties: the League of Free Liberals, the Liberal Union and the VDB, after ceasing its merger with PvdA. (List courtesy of Bob Hilkens)
 Leaders of D66
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Chairmen
Hendrik Anton (Hans) van Mierlo 1966-1967
G. Ringnalda 1967
H. van Lookeren Campagne 1967-1968
J. Beekmans 1968-1971
R. van der Scheer-Van Essen 1971-1973
J. ten Brink 1973-1976
Jan Glastra van Loon 1976-1979
H. Zeevalking 1979-1981
S. Spigt 1981 (acting)
J. van Berkom 1981-1982
Jacob Kohnstamm 1982-1986
Olga Scheltema de Nie 1986 (acting)
S. van der Loo 1986-1988
M. Jager 1988-1990
H. Jansen 1990-1992
W. Vrijhoef 1992-1996
Tom Kok 1996-1999
A. Gerard Schouw 1999-2002
Alexander Pechtold 2002-2005
Frank Dales 2005-
Political leaders
Hendrik Anton (Hans) van Mierlo 1967-1973
Jan Cornelis Terlouw 1973-1981
Laurens Jan Brinkhorst 1981-1982
Maarten Boudewijn Engwirda 1982-1986
Hendrik Anton (Hans) van Mierlo 1986-1994
Gerrit Jan Wolffensperger 1994-1997
Thom De Graaf 1997-2003
Boris Ottokar Dittrich 2003-2006
Lousewies van der Laan 2006 (acting)
Alexander Pechtold 2006-
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(List courtesy of Bob Hilkens)
 Leaders of SGP
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Chairmen
Gerrit Hendrik Kersten 1918-1946 (+1948)
Pieter Zandt 1946-1961 (+)
Hette Gerrit Abma 1961-1985 (+1992)
D. Slagboom 1985-1992
W. Hovius 1992-1994
J. Budding 1994-2004
Arie van Heteren 2004-
Political leaders
P. Zandt 1945-1961 (+1961)
Cornelis Van Dis 1961-1971 (+1973)
Hette Gerrit Abma 1961-1985 (+1992)
Hendrik (Henk) Van Rossum 1981-1986
Bas Van der Vlies 1986-
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(List courtesy of Bob Hilkens)
 Leaders of GL
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Chairmen
Marijke Vos 1990-1994
M. Lucas 1993-1995
Ab Harrewijn 1995-1998
M. Brouwer 1998-1998
Mirjam de Rijk 1999-2003
Herman Meijer 2003-2006
Nevin Özütok 2006- (acting)
Political Leaders
Ria Beckers-De Bruijn 1989-1993
Peter Lankhorst 1993-1994
Ina Brouwer 1994
Paul Rosenmöller 1994-2002
Femke Halsema 2002-
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GL was founded in 1990 by the merger of CPN, EVP, PSP and PPR. PPR was founded in 1968 by splinters of KVP with the addition of some disidents of ARP. (List courtesy of Bob Hilkens)
 Leaders of SP
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Chairmen
Hans van Hooft 1972-1988
Jan Marijnissen 1988-
Political Leader
Jan Marijnissen 1994-
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(List courtesy of Bob Hilkens)
 Chairmen of NNP
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Egbert Perée 1998-2001
Henk Ruitenberg 2001-
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 Leaders of LPF
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Leaders
Pim Fortuyn 2002 (+)a
Mat Herben 2002
Harry Wijnschenk 2002
Mat Herben 2002-
Chairmen
Peter Langendam 2002
Ed Maas 2002-2003
Ton van Dillen 2003-
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LPF was launched by Pim Fortuyn on 11 Feb 2002 one day after being expelled from LN.
 Leaders of LN
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Chairmen
Jan Nagel 1999-2002
Jan Jetten 2002
Hans van Galen 2002-2003
Fons Zinken 2003- (acting)
Leaders
Pim Fortuyn 2001-2002 (+2002)a
Fred Teeven 2002
Haitske van de Linde 2002-2003
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LN was founded on 22 Mar 1999 by the merger of two local parties: Livable Hilversum (LH) and Livable Utrecht (LU).
 Leaders of OSF
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Chairmen
Jacq Luijten 1999-2002
Aalsen Everts 2003-
Political leader
Henk ten Hoeve 2003-
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OSF was founded in 1999 as an alliance of regionalist parties.
 Leaders of CU
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Chairman
Matthijs van Daalen 2000-2005
Peter Blokhuis 2005-
Political leaders
Kars Veling 2001-2002
André Rouvoet 2002-2007
Arie Slob 2007-
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CU was initialized on 20 Jan 2000 as a federation of GPV and RPF. The process of merger into a sole party concluded on 1 Jan 2004.
 Leaders of RPF (1975-2004)
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Chairmen
Piet Langeler 1975-1984
Henk Visser 1984-1987
Jacob Bouwmeester 1987-1992
Adam van den Berg 1992-1999
Matthijs van Daalen 1999-2004
Political leaders
Meindert Leerling 1981-1994
Leen Van Dijke 1994-2001
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RPF was founded in 1975 as a federation of three splinters of ARP: NEV, ARJC and the "discussion group AR-sympathisers" (f. 1970). On 20 Jan 2000 RPF joined GPV to form the CU federation and in 2001 both parties merged their parliamentary groups; the process of merger into a sole party concluded on 1 Jan 2004. (List courtesy of Bob Hilkens)
 Leaders of GPV (1948-2004)
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Chairmen
F. den Boeft 1948-1959
L. P. Laning 1959 (acting)
R. van Wolde 1959-1960 (acting)
W. Beeftink 1960-1970
K. Drost 1970 (acting)
G. Veurink 1970-1976
J. van der Jagt 1976-1984
Johannes Blokland 1984-1994
S. Cnossen 1994-2000
Herman Bouma 2000-2004
Political leaders
Pieter Jongeling 1963-1977 (+1985)
A. Verbrugh 1977-198.
Gert Jan Schutte 198.-2001
Eimert Van Middelkoop 2001
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GPV was founded in 1948 by splinters of ARP. On 20 Jan 2000 GPV joined RPF to form the CU federation and in 2001 both parties merged their parliamentary groups; the process of merger into a sole party concluded on 1 Jan 2004. (List courtesy of Bob Hilkens)
Leaders of ARP (1878-1980)
Political leaders
J. Schouten 1939-1956 (+1963)
J. Bruins Slot 1956-1963
Bouke Roolvink 196.-1967
Barend Willem Biesheuvel 1967-1971 (+2001)
Willem Aantjes 1971-1972
Barend Willem Biesheuvel 1972-1973 (+2001)
Willem Aantjes 1973-1977
Chairmen
Jacob Adriaan de Wilde 1945-1946 (+1956)
J. Schouten 1946-1955 (+1963)
A. Roosjen 1955-1956
W. Berghuis 1956-1968 (+1989)
Antoon Veerman 1968-1973
Jan de Koning 1973-1975 (+1994)
H. de Boer 1975-1980
ARP was founded in 1878 and was a founding component of CDA in 1980. (List courtesy of Bob Hilkens)
Leaders of CHU (1908-1980)
Political leaders
Hendrik Willem Tilanus 1939-1963 (+1966)
Hendrik Karel Jan Beernink 1964-1967 (+1979)
J. Mellema 1967-1968
Dirk Willem Tilanus 1968-1969 (+1996)
J. Mellema 1969-1971
Berend Jan Udink 1971
Roelof Johannes Kruisinga 1971
J. Mellema 1971-1972
Dirk Willem Tilanus 1972-1973 (+1996)
Roelof Johannes Kruisinga 1973-1977
Chairmen
Hendrik Willem Tilanus 1945-1958 (+1966)
Hendrik Karel Jan Beernink 1958-1966 (+1979)
Dirk Willem Tilanus 1966-1968 (+1996)
Cornelis van Mastrigt 1968-1969 (+1997)
J. van Hulst 1969-1972
O. Baron van Verschuer 1972-1977
L. van Leeuwen 1977-1980
CHU was founded in 1908 and was a founding component of CDA in 1980. (List courtesy of Bob Hilkens)
Leaders of KVP (1922-1980)
Political leaders
Carl Paul Maria Romme 1946-1961
W. De Kort 1961-1963
Wilhelmus Klaes Schmelzer 1963-1971
Gerard H. Veringa 1971
Frans Andriessen 1972-1977
Chairmen
Petrus Johannes Witteman 1945-1946
W. Andriessen 1946-1953 (+1978)
C. Matser 1953-1954
Henri Willem van Doorn 1954-1962 (+1992)
Petrus Josephus Aalberse 1962-1968 (+1989)
Fons van der Stee 1968-1971
D. de Zeeuw 1971-1975
W. Vergeer 1975-1979
P. van Zeil 1979-1980
KVP was founded in 1922 as Roman Catholic State Party (RKSP) and changed its name to KVP in 1945. In 1980 was a founding component of CDA. (List courtesy of Bob Hilkens)
Leaders of PSP (1957-1990)
Chairmen
Henk van Steenis 1957-1959 (+1965)
Hannes de Graaf 1959-1960
Piet Burggraaf 1960-1963
Gerard Slotemaker de Bruine 1963-1964 (+1976)
Joop Vogt 1964-1965
Hans Wiebenga 1965-1969
Piet Burggraaf 1969-1973
Paul Hoogerwerf 1973-1975
Lambert Meertens 1975-1981
Bram van der Lek 1981-1983
Marko Mazeland 1983-1986
Saar Boerlage 1986-1990
Political leaders
Henk Lankhorst 1962-1969 (+1976)
Hans Wiebenga 1969-1972
Bram van der Lek 1972-1978
Fred Van der Spek 1978-1986
Andree Van Es 1986-1989
PSP was founded in 1957 by splinters of PvdA. In 1990 merged with CPN, EVP and PPR to form the links. (List courtesy of Bob Hilkens)
Leaders of EVP (1981-1990)
Chairmen
M. Weststrate 1981
Rennes 1981-1982
Willem (Wim) Herstel 1982-1986
Cor Ofman 1986-1991
Political Leader
Cathy Ubels-Veen 1982-1986
EVP was founded in 1981 by the merger of CDA dissidents and the existing EPV, founded in 1978 by dissidents of ARP, CHU and KVP. In 1990 EVP merged with PSP, CPN and PPR to form the Groenlinks, and was finally disbanded in 1991. (List courtesy of Bob Hilkens)
Leaders of SDP / CPH / CPN (1909-1991)
General Secretary
Saul (Paul) de Groot 1938-1962 (+1986)
Chairmen
Gerben Wagenaar 1946-1958 (+1993)
* vacant * 1958-1962
Saul (Paul) de Groot 1962-1967 (+1986)
Henk Hoekstra 1968-1982
Elli Izeboud 1982-1990
Marius Ernsting 1990 (acting)
Truus Divendal-Klok 1990-1991
Political leaders
Saul (Paul) de Groot 1946-1962 (+1986)
Marcus Bakker 1963-1982
Ina Brouwer 1982-1986
In 1909 the SDP was founded after splitting from SDAP. SDP changed its name to CPH in 1919 and to CPN in 1935. In 1990 CPN merged with EVP, PSP and PPR to form the Groenlinks, and was finally disbanded in 1991. (List courtesy of Bob Hilkens)
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