Political Leaders: Brazil

Leaders of Brazil
(Federative Republic of Brazil)

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Look for biographies of the leaders (in Spanish) at CIDOB website. The site Rulers lists the governors of the states, in two parts, from A to M and from P to Z.

Late parties: PSD: Social Democratic Party (old, 1945-1965); PTB: Brazilian Labour Party (old, 1945-1965); UDN: National Democratic Union (1945-1965); PSP: Progressive Social Party (1945-1965); PSB: Brazilian Socialist Party (old, 1947-1965); ARENA: National Renewal Alliance (1966-1979); MDB: Brazilian Democratic Movement (1966-1979); PDS: Social Democratic Party (1980-1993); PDC: Christian Democratic Party (1945-1965/1985-1993); PTR: Renovating Labour Party (1985-1994); PL: Liberal Party (1985-2006); PFL: Party of the Liberal Front (1985-2007); PRN: Party for National Reconstruction (1989-2000); PRONA: Party for Rebuilding of the National Order (1989-2006); PST: Labour Social Party (?-1994); PSD: Social Democratic Party (new, 1990-2002); PPR: Progressive Reform Party (1993-1995); PP: Progressive Party (old, 1994-1995); PPB: Brazilian Progressive Party (1995-2003, renamed to PP)

Current parties: PCdoB: Communist Party of Brazil (1962/1988); PMDB: Party of the Brazilian Democratic Movement (1980); PT: Workers' Party (1980); PDT: Democratic Labour Party (1980); PTB: Brazilian Labour Party (new, 1980); PSB: Brazilian Socialist Party (new, 1985); PSC: Social Christian Party (1985); PV: Green Party; PSDB: Party of the Brazilian Social Democracy (1988); PPS: Popular Socialist Party (1992); PTN: National Labour Party (1997); PTC: Christian Labour Party (2000); PP: Progressive Party (new, 2003, previously called PPB); P-SOL: Socialism and Freedom Party (2004); PRB: Brazilian Republican Party (2005); PR: Party of the Republic (2006); DEM: Democrats (2007); n/p: non-party

Presidents of the Republic

Getúlio Dornelles Vargas              3 Nov 1930 - 29 Oct 1945 (+1954)s n/p (1)
José Linhares                        29 Oct 1945 - 31 Jan 1946 (+1957)  n/p           
Eurico Gaspar Dutra                  31 Jan 1946 - 31 Jan 1951 (+1974)  military/PSD       
Getúlio Dornelles Vargas             31 Jan 1951 - 24 Aug 1954 (+)s     PTB           
João Fernandes de Campos Café (Filho)24 Aug 1954 - 31 Jan 1956 (+1970)  PTB           
 Carlos Coimbra da Luz                9 Nov 1954 - 11 Nov 1955 (+1961)  PSD (acting for Café)
 Nereu de Oliveira Ramos             11 Nov 1955 - 31 Jan 1956 (+1958)k PSD (acting for Café)
Juscelino Kubitschek de Oliveira     31 Jan 1956 - 31 Jan 1961 (+1976)k PSD           
Jânio da Silva Quadros               31 Jan 1961 - 25 Aug 1961 (+1992)  PDC
Pascoal Ranieri Mazzilli             25 Aug 1961 -  7 Sep 1961 (+1975)  PSD (caretaker)
João Belchior Marques Goulart         7 Sep 1961    2 Apr 1964 (+1976)  PTB           
Pascoal Ranieri Mazzilli              2 Apr 1964 - 15 Apr 1964 (+1975)  PSD (caretaker)
Humberto de Alencar Castello Branco  15 Apr 1964 - 15 Mar 1967 (+1967)k military           
Artur da Costa e Silva               15 Mar 1967 - 14 Oct 1969 (+1969)  military

Triunvirate:                         14 Oct 1969 - 30 Oct 1969          military       
 -Augusto Hamann Rademaker Grünewald                           (+1985)  
 -Aurélio de Lyra Tavares                                      (+1998)  
 -Márcio de Souza e Mello                                      (+1991)            

Emílio Garrastazú Médici             30 Oct 1969 - 15 Mar 1974 (+1985)  military/ARENA
Ernesto (Beckmann) Geisel            15 Mar 1974 - 15 Mar 1979 (+1996)  military/ARENA
João Baptista de Oliveira Figueiredo 15 Mar 1979 - 15 Mar 1985 (+1999)  military/ARENA/PDS
José Sarney de Araújo Costa          15 Mar 1985 - 15 Mar 1990          PMDB (3)
Fernando Affonso Collor de Mello     15 Mar 1990 - 29 Dec 1992          PRN           
Itamar Augusto Cautiero Franco       29 Dec 1992 -  1 Jan 1995 (+2011)  n/p (4)
Fernando Henrique Silva Cardoso       1 Jan 1995 -  1 Jan 2003          PSDB     
Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva             1 Jan 2003 -  1 Jan 2011          PT
Dilma Vana Rousseff                   1 Jan 2011 -                      PT

Notes:
(1) Vargas was chief of the Provisional Government to 20 Jul 1934.
(2) The ministers of the Army, the Navy and the Air Forces: Admr Augusto Rademaker, Army Gen. Aurélio de Lyra Tavares and Air Marshal Márcio de Souza e Mello.
(3) From 15 Mar to 21 Apr 1985 vicepresident Sarney acted as president because the elected president Tancredo de Almeida Neves (PMDB), being incapacitated, could not take office. Neves died on 21 Apr and on 22 Apr, upon approval of the Congress, Sarney assumed the post definitively.
(4) The Chamber of Deputies temporally deprived Collor de Mello of his presidential functions on 29 Sep 1992 and elected vicepresident Franco as acting president on 2 Oct. Collor resigned on 29 Dec and Franco officially succeeded him.

Vicepresidents of the Republic

Nereu de Oliveira Ramos              1946-1951 (+1958)k PSD
João Fernandes de Campos Café (Filho)1951-1954 (+1970)  PTB
João Belchior Marques Goulart        1956-1961 (+1976)  PTB
José Maria de Alkmim                 1964-1967 (+1974)  ARENA
Pedro Aleixo                         1967-1969 (+1975)  ARENA 
Augusto Hamann Rademaker Grünewald   1969-1974 (+1985)  military/ARENA
Adalberto Pereira dos Santos         1974-1979 (+1984)  military/ARENA
Antônio Aureliano Chaves de Mendonça 1979-1985 (+2003)  ARENA/PDS/PFL
José Sarney de Araújo Costa          1985               PMDB
Itamar Augusto Cautiero Franco       1990-1992 (+2011)  PRN
Marco Antônio de Oliveira Maciel     1995-2003          PFL
José de Alencar Gomes da Silva       2003-2011 (+2011)  PL/PRB
Michel Miguel Elias Temer Lulia      2011-              PMDB

Chairmen of the Chamber of Deputies

Honório Fernandes Monteiro           1946-1948 (+1968)  PSD
Samuel Vital Duarte                  1948-1949 (+1979)  PSD
Carlos Cirilo (Júnior)               1949-1951 (+1965)  PSD
Nereu de Oliveira Ramos              1951-1955 (+1958)k PSD 
Carlos Coimbra da Luz                1955      (+1961)  PSD
José Antônio Flores da Cunha         1955-1956 (+1959)  UDN (acting) 
Ulysses Silveira Guimarães           1956-1958 (+1992)k PSD
Pascoal Ranieri Mazzilli             1958-1965 (+1975)  PSD
Olavo Billac Pinto                   1965-1966 (+1985)  ARENA 
Adauto Lúcio Cardoso                 1966      (+1974)  ARENA
João Baptista Ramos                  1966-1968          ARENA (acting to 1967)
José Bonifácio Lafayette de Andrada  1969-1970 (+1976)  ARENA
Geraldo Freire da Silva              1970-1971 (+2002)  ARENA
Ernesto Pereira Lopes                1971-1973 (+1993)  ARENA
Flávio Portela Marcílio              1973-1975 (+1992)  ARENA 
Célio de Oliveira Borja              1975-1977          ARENA
Marco Antônio de Oliveira Maciel     1977-1979          ARENA
Flávio Portela Marcílio              1979-1981 (+1992)  ARENA/PDS
Nélson Marchezan                     1981-1983 (+2002)  PDS
Flávio Portela Marcílio              1983-1985 (+1992)  PDS	
Ulysses Silveira Guimarães           1985-1989 (+1992)k PMDB
Antônio Paes de Andrade              1989-1991          PMDB
Ibsen Valls Pinheiro                 1991-1993          PMDB
Inocêncio Gomes de Oliveira          1993-1995          PFL
Luís Eduardo Maron de Magalhães      1995-1997 (+1998)  PFL 
Michel Miguel Elias Temer Lulia      1997-2001          PMDB
Aécio Neves da Cunha                 2001-2003          PSDB
João Paulo Cunha                     2003-2005          PT
Severino José Cavalcanti Ferreira    2005               PP
José Thomaz da Silva Nonô Netto      2005               PFL (acting)
José Aldo Rebelo Figueiredo          2005-2007          PCdoB
Arlindo Chinaglia (Junior)           2007-2009          PT
Michel Miguel Elias Temer Lulia      2009-2010          PMDB
Marco Aurelio Spall Maia             2010-              PT

Chairmen of the Federal Senate

Nereu de Oliveira Ramos              1946-1951 (+1958)k PSD 
João Fernandes de Campos Café (Filho)1951-1954 (+1970)  PTB
Alexandre Marcondes Machado (Filho)  1954-1955 (+1974)  PTB (acting)
Nereu de Oliveira Ramos              1955      (+1958)k PSD (acting) 
Apolônio Jorge de Farias Salles      1955-1956 (+1982)  PSD (acting)   
João Belchior Marques Goulart        1956-1961 (+1976)  PTB
Auro Soares de Moura Andrade         1961-1968 (+1982)  PSD
Gilberto Marinho                     1968      (+1985)  (acting)
João Cleophas de Oliveira            1970-1971 (+1987)  ARENA 
Petrônio Portella Nunes              1971-1973 (+1980)  ARENA
Filinto Strubling Müller             1973      (+)k     ARENA
Paulo Francisco Torres               1973-1975 (+2000)  ARENA
José de Magalhães Pinto              1975-1977 (+1996)  ARENA
Petrônio Portella Nunes              1977-1979 (+1980)  ARENA
Luiz Viana (Filho)                   1979-1981 (+1990)  ARENA/PDS
Jarbas Gonçalves Passarinho          1981-1983          PDS
Nilo de Souza Coelho                 1983      (+)      PDS
Moacyr Dalla                         1983-1984 (+2006)  PDS
José Manoel Fontanillas Fragelli     1984-1987 (+2010)  PMDB
Humberto Coutinho de Lucena          1987-1989 (+1998)  PMDB
Nélson de Sousa Carneiro             1989-1991 (+1996)  PMDB
Carlos Mauro Cabral Benevides        1991-1993          PMDB
Humberto Coutinho de Lucena          1993-1995 (+1998)  PMDB
José Sarney de Araújo Costa          1995-1997          PMDB
Antônio Carlos Peixoto de Magalhães  1997-2001 (+2007)  PFL
Jáder Fontenelle Barbalho            2001               PMDB
Ramez Tebet                          2001-2003 (+2006)  PMDB
José Sarney de Araújo Costa          2003-2005          PMDB
José Renan Vasconcelos Calheiros     2005-2007          PMDB
Garibaldi Alves (Filho)              2007-2009          PMDB
José Sarney de Araújo Costa          2009-              PMDB

Ministers of External Relations

Pedro Leão Velloso                   1944-1946 (+1947)
João Neves da Fontoura               1946      (+1963)
Samuel de Souza Leão Gracie          1946      (+1967) (acting)
Raul Fernandes                       1946-1951 (+1968)
João Neves da Fontoura               1951-1953 (+1963)
Mário de Pimentel Brandão            1953      (+1956)
Vicente Ráo                          1953-1954 (+1978)
Raul Fernandes                       1954-1955 (+1968)
José Carlos de Macedo Soares         1955-1958 (+1968)
Francisco Negrão de Lima             1958-1959 (+1981)
Horácio Lafer                        1959-1961 (+1965)
Afonso Arinos de Mello Franco        1961      (+1990)
Francisco de San Tiago Dantas        1961-1962 (+1964)
Afonso Arinos de Mello Franco        1962      (+1990)
Hermes Lima                          1962-1963 (+1978)
Evandro Cavalcânti Lins e Silva      1963      (+2002) 
João Augusto de Araújo Castro        1963-1964 (+1975)
Vasco Tristão Leitão da Cunha        1964-1966 (+1984)
Juracy Montenegro Magalhães          1966-1967 (+2001)
José de Magalhães Pinto              1967-1969 (+1996)
Mário Gibson Alves Barboza           1969-1974 (+2007)
Antônio Azeredo da Silveira          1974-1979 (+1990)
Ramiro Elísio Saraiva Guerreiro      1979-1985 (+2011)
Olavo Egydio de Sousa Aranha Setúbal 1985-1986 (+2008)
Roberto Costa de Abreu Sodré         1986-1990 (+1999)
José Francisco Rezek                 1990-1992        
Celso Lafer                          1992              
Fernando Henrique Silva Cardoso      1992-1993         
Luiz Felipe Palmeira Lampreia        1993              (acting)
Celso Luiz Nunes Amorim              1993-1995         
Luiz Felipe Palmeira Lampreia        1995-2001         
Luiz Felipe de Seixas Corrêa         2001              (acting)          
Celso Lafer                          2001-2003         
Celso Luiz Nunes Amorim              2003-2011
Antonio de Aguiar Patriota           2011-

(Source: Rulers, by Ben Schemmel)

Defeated presidential candidates

1945  1st Eduardo Gomes                          UDN  (+1981)        
      2nd Iedo Fiúza                             PCB  (+1975)
1950  1st Eduardo Gomes                          UDN  (+1981)
      2nd Cristiano Machado                      PSD  (+1953)
1955  1st Juarez do Nascimento Fernandes Távora  UDN  (+1975)
      2nd Adhemar Pereira de Barros              PSP  (+1969)
1960  1st Henrique Batista Duffles Teixeira Lott UDN  (+1984)
      2nd Adhemar Pereira de Barros              PSP  (+1969) 
1989  1st Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva              PT
      2nd Leonel de Moura Brizola                PDT  (+2004)     
      3rd Mário Covas (Júnior)                   PSDB (+2001)
1994  1st Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva              PT
      2nd Enéas Ferreira Carneiro                PRONA (+2007)
      3rd Orestes Quércia                        PMDB  (+2010)
1998  1st Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva              PT
      2nd Ciro Ferreira Gomes                    PPS  
      3rd Enéas Ferreira Carneiro                PRONA (+2007)
2002  1st José Serra                             PSDB
      2nd Anthony W. Garotinho de Oliveira       PSB
      3rd Ciro Ferreira Gomes                    PPS
2006  1st Geraldo José Rodrigues Alckmin         PSDB
      2nd Heloísa Helena Lima de Moraes          P-SOL
      3rd Cristovam R. Cavalcanti Buarque        PDT
2010  1st José Serra                             PSDB
      2nd Maria Osmarina Marina Silva            PV            
      3rd Plinio Soares de Arruda Sampaio        P-SOL

Presidents of PT

Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva        1980-1987 
Olívio de Oliveira Dutra         1987-1990 
Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva        1990-1995 
José Dirceu de Oliveira e Silva  1995-2002  
José Genoino Guimarães Neto      2002-2005      
Tarso Fernando Herz Genro        2005      (interim)
Ricardo José Ribeiro Berzoini    2005-2006 
Marco Aurélio Garcia             2006-2007 (interim)
Ricardo José Ribeiro Berzoini    2007-2010
José Eduardo de Barros Dutra     2010-

PT was founded on 10 Feb 1980 (registered 11 Feb 1982).

Presidents of PFL and DEM

Salvador Jorge Konder Bornhausen      1985-1986 
Guilherme Gracindo Soares Palmeira    1986-1987 
Marco Antônio de Oliveira Maciel      1987-1989 
Hugo Napoleão do Rego Neto            1989-1993 
Salvador Jorge Konder Bornhausen      1993-2007
Rodrigo Felinto Ibarra Epitácio Maia  2007-

PFL was founded on 24 Jan 1985 (registered 11 Sep 1986) by splinters of PDS. The party was declared extinct and replaced by the new DEM on 28 Mar 2007

Presidents of MDB and PMDB

Oscar Passos                       1966-1972 (+1994)
Ulysses Silveira Guimarães         1972-1991 (+1992)K
Orestes Quércia                    1991-1993 (+2010)
Luiz Henrique da Silveira          1993-1995 
Antônio Paes de Andrade            1995-1998
Jáder Fontenelle Barbalho          1998-2001 
Luís Alberto Maguito Vilela        2001      (interim)
Michel Miguel Elias Temer Lulia    2001-

MDB was founded on 24 Mar 1966 to serve as the opposition party in the two-party system established by the military regime. MDB was disbanded by decree on 27 Nov 1979 with a view of reintroducing the multiparty system and the new PMDB was founded on 15 Jan 1980 (registered 30 Jun 1980).

Presidents of PSDB

André Franco Montoro               1989-1991 (+1999)
Tasso Ribeiro Jereissati           1991-1994 
João Pimenta da Veiga (Filho)      1994-1995 
Artur da Távola                    1995-1996 (+2008)
Teotônio Brandão Vilela (Filho)    1996-2001 
José Aníbal Peres de Pontes        2001-2003
José Serra                         2003-2005 
Eduardo Brandão de Azeredo         2005  
Tasso Ribeiro Jereissati           2005-2007 
Severino Sérgio Estelita Guerra    2007-

PSDB was founded on 25 Jun 1988 (registered 24 Aug 1989) by splinters of PMDB. From 1988 to 1989 functioned a Ruling National Provisional Commission or collective party chairmanship.

Presidents of PDS, PPR, PPB and PP

José Sarney de Araújo Costa        1983-1984 
Paulo Salim Maluf                   ?  -1993 
Espiridião Amin Helou (Filho)      1993-1997 
Paulo Salim Maluf                  1997-2003 
Pedro da Silva Corrêa de Oliveira  2003-2005    
Nélio Silveira Dias                2005-2007 (+)
Francisco Oswaldo Neves Dornelles  2007-

History: ARENA party is launched on 4 Apr 1966 by former members of two parties disbanded by military decree effective on 27 Oct 1965: UDN (founded 7 Apr 1945) and PSD (founded 17 Jul 1945); ARENA ceases to exist on 29 Nov 1979; former ARENA members found the PDS on 31 Jan 1980; the PPR is launched on 4 Apr 1993 (registered 8 Jun 1993) as the merger of the PDS and the PDC; the PPB is founded on 14 Sep 1995 (registered 16 Nov 1995) as the merger of the PPR and the PP (which appeared in 1994 as the merger of the PTR and the PST); the PPB is renamed to Progressive Party (PP) on 4 Apr 2003.

Presidents of PL and PR

Álvaro Bastos do Valle             1985-2000 (+)
Valdemar Costa Neto                2000- ?    
Sérgio Victor Tamer                 ?  -2010
Alfredo Pereira do Nascimento      2010-

PL was founded by splinters of PFL on 27 Jun 1985 (registered 25 Feb 1988). On 24 Oct 2006 it merged with PRONA to create the PR

Presidents of PTB

Old PTB
Paulo Baeta Neves                    1945-1948
Joaquim Pedro Salgado (Filho)        1948-1950 (+)     (acting)  
Danton Neves Coelho                  1950-1951 (+1961) (acting)
Dinarte Dornelles                    1951-1952
João Belchior Marques Goulart        1952-1964 (+1976) 
José Ermírio de Moraes               1964-1965 (+1973) 
Lutero Sarmanho Vargas               1965      (+1989)

New PTB
Ivete Vargas Tatsch                  1980-1984 (+)
Ricardo Ribeiro                      1984
Luiz Gonzaga de Paiva Muniz          1984-1993 (+)
Manoel Antonio Rodrigues Palma       1993-1994
José Eduardo de Andrade Vieira       1994-1999
José Carlos de Castro Martínez       1999-2003 (+)k
Roberto Jefferson Monteiro Francisco 2003-2005 
Flávio de Castro Martinez            2005-2006         (acting)
Roberto Jefferson Monteiro Francisco 2006-

The original PTB was founded on 15 May 1945 by Getúlio Vargas and was disbanded by military decree on 27 Oct 1965. In May 1980 the new PTB was established (registered 3 Nov 1981). The PSD (registered 16 Mar 1990) merged into the PTB on 15 Dec 2002.

Presidents of PSB

Old PSB
João Mangabeira                 1947-1964 (+)      

New PSB
Antônio Houaiss                 1985-1986 (+1999)
Jamil Haddad                    1986-1993 (+2009)
Miguel Arraes de Alencar        1993-2005 (+)
Eduardo Henrique Accioly Campos 2005-

The original PSB was founded on 6 Aug 1947 and was disbanded by military decree on 27 Oct 1965. On 13 Jul 1985 the new PSB was established (registered 1 Jul 1988).

Presidents of PDT

Leonel de Moura Brizola         1980-2004 (+)
Carlos Roberto Lupi             2004-

PDT was founded on 6 Jun 1980 (registered 10 Nov 1981).

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