 | Leaders of Afghanistan
(Islamic Republic of Afghanistan) |
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Parties and organizations:
HDKA: Hezb-e Democratik-e Khalq-e Afghanistan/People's Democratic Party of Afghanistan (Communist, divided into two factions: Khalq ("Masses") and Parcham ("Banner")
HIA: Hezb-e Islami Afghanistan/Islamic Party of Afghanistan
HII: Harakat-e Inqelab-e Islami/Islamic Revolutionary Movement
HIK: Hezb-e Islami-Khalis/Islamic Party-Khalis faction.HIM: Hezb-e Inqelab-e Milli/National Revolutionary Party
HW: Hezb-e Watan/Fatherland Party (formerly, HDKA)
HWIA: Hezb-e Wahdat-e Islami Afghanistan/Party of the Islamic Unity of Afghanistan
IIBAA: Ittehad-e Islami Barai Azadi Afghanistan/Islamic Union for the Liberation of Afghanistan
JIA: Jamiat-e Islami Afghanistan/Islamic Association of Afghanistan
JMI: Jumbesh-e Milli Islami/National Islamic Movement
JNMA: Jabha-e Nejat-e Milli Afghanistan/National Liberation Front of Afghanistan
MMIA: Mahaz-e Milli-e Islami Afghanistan/National Islamic Front of Afghanistan
UINFSA: United Islamic and National Front for the Salvation of Afghanistan
n/p: non-party
Look for biographies of the leaders (in Spanish) at CIDOB website.
 Heads of State
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King
Mohammad Zahir Shah 8 Nov 1933 - 17 Jul 1973 (+2007) [picture] [picture] [picture]
President of the Republic
Sardar Mohammad Daud Khan 17 Jul 1973 - 27 Apr 1978 (+)a [picture] n/p, HIM
Revolutionary Council of the Armed Forces
Abdul Qadir (chairman) 27 Apr 1978 - 30 Apr 1978 military
Presidents of the Republic/Chairmen of the Revolutionary Council
Nur Mohammad Taraki 30 Apr 1978 - 16 Sep 1979 (+)a [picture] HDKA-Khalq
Hafizullah Amin 16 Sep 1979 - 27 Dec 1979 (+)a [picture] HDKA-Khalq
Babrak Karmal 27 Dec 1979 - 20 Nov 1986 (+1996) [picture] HDKA-Parcham, HDKA
Mohammad Chamkani 20 Nov 1986 - 30 Sep 1987 HDKA
Mohammad Najibullah 30 Sep 1987 - 30 Nov 1987 (+1996)e [picture] HDKA
Presidents of the Republic
Mohammad Najibullah 30 Nov 1987 - 16 Apr 1992 (+1996)e [picture] HDKA, HW
Abdul Rahim Hatef 16 Apr 1992 - 28 Apr 1992 HW (acting)
Chairman of the Jihad Council (interim)
Sibghatullah Mojaddedi 28 Apr 1992 - 28 Jun 1992 [picture] JNMA
President of the Islamic State
Burhanuddin Rabbani 28 Jun 1992 - 26 Sep 1996 (+2011)a [picture] JIA
Head of the Supreme Council (*)
Mullah Mohammad Rabbani 26 Sep 1996 - 16 Apr 2001 (+) [picture] Taliban
--> No head of State or Government since 16 Apr 2001
President of the Islamic State (**)
Burhanuddin Rabbani 17 Nov 2001 - 22 Dec 2001 (+2011)a [picture] JIA/UINFSA
Chairman of the Interim Administration
Hamid Karzai 22 Dec 2001 - 19 Jun 2002 [picture] n/p
Head of State for the Transitional Administration
Hamid Karzai 19 Jun 2002 - 7 Dec 2004 [picture] n/p
President of the Islamic Republic
Hamid Karzai 7 Dec 2004 [picture] n/p
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(*) The paramount ruler of the Ismalic Emirate of Afghanistan (proclaimed on 26 Oct 1997) was the spiritual and political leader of the Taliban movement, Mullah Mohammad Omar Akhund, self-styled Amir ul-Momenin (Commander of the Faithful) since 4 Apr 1996. The Supreme Council (or Shura) was first established in Kandahar in 1994 by ten Taliban leaders, all of them mullah, and chaired by Mullah M. Rabbani. After taking Kabul in 1996, a local shura was established and acted as a provisional Government. Nevertheless, the structure of power of the Taliban was always unclear, and the regime didn't designate a head of State or Government when Mullah Rabbani died on 16 Apr 2001.
(**) The Government of deposed president B. Rabbani, a leader of the Northern Alliance as head of the Jamiat-e-Islami faction, controlled a tiny territory in rebellion and enjoyed diplomatic recognition of a majority of countries. On 13 Nov 2001 the UINFSA, or Northern Alliance, took Kabul, the Taliban fled southward and on 17 Nov Rabbani returned to the capital claiming to be the provisional president pending the formation of a post-taliban, broad-based and multiethnic Government. That executive was inaugurated on 22 Dec 2001.
| Prime Ministers
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Sardar Mohammad Hashim Khan 14 Nov 1929 - May 1946 (+1953) [picture] n/p
Sardar Shah Mahmud Khan May 1946 - 7 Sep 1953 (+1959) [picture] n/p
Sardar Mohammad Daud Khan 7 Sep 1953 - 10 Mar 1963 (+1978)a [picture] n/p
Mohammad Yusuf Khan 10 Mar 1963 - 2 Nov 1965 (+1998) [picture] n/p
Mohammad Hashim Maiwandwal 2 Nov 1965 - 11 Oct 1967 (+1973)e [picture] n/p
Abdullah Yaqta 11 Oct 1967 - 1 Nov 1967 n/p (interim)
Mohammad Nur Ahmad Etemadi 1 Nov 1967 - 9 Jun 1971 (+1979) [picture] n/p
Sharifi Abdul Zahir 9 Jun 1971 - 12 Dec 1972 [picture] n/p
Mohammad Musa Shafiq 12 Dec 1972 - 17 Jul 1973 (+1979)e [picture] n/p
Sardar Mohammad Daud Khan 17 Jul 1973 - 27 Apr 1978 (+)a [picture] n/p, HIM
Nur Mohammad Taraki 1 May 1978 - 27 Mar 1979 (+)a [picture] HDKA-Khalq
Hafizullah Amin 27 Mar 1979 - 27 Dec 1979 (+)a [picture] HDKA-Khalq
Babrak Karmal 27 Dec 1979 - 11 Jun 1981 (+1996) [picture] HDKA-Parcham
Sultan Ali Keshtmand 11 Jun 1981 - 26 May 1988 HDKA
Mohammad Hasan Sharq 26 May 1988 - 21 Feb 1989 HDKA
Sultan Ali Keshtmand 21 Feb 1989 - 8 May 1990 HDKA
Fazal Haq Khaliqyar 8 May 1990 - 15 Apr 1992 HW
Abdul Sabur Farid Kuhestani 6 Jul 1992 - 15 Aug 1992 (+2007)a HIA
Gulbuddin Hekmatyar 17 Jun 1993 - 28 Jun 1994 [picture] HIA
Arsala Rahmani Nov 1994 - 1995 (acting)
Ahmad Shah Ahmadzai 1995 - 26 Jun 1996 [picture] (acting)
Gulbuddin Hekmatyar 26 Jun 1996 - 27 Sep 1996 [picture] HIA
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Commanders of the International Security Asssistance Force (ISAF)
John Chalmers McColl 10 Jan 2002 - 20 Jun 2002 [picture] United Kingdom (ISAF I, British command)
Akin Zorlu 20 Jun 2002 - 10 Feb 2003 [picture] Turkey (ISAF II, Turkish command)
Norbert van Heyst 10 Feb 2003 - 11 Aug 2003 [picture] Germany (ISAF III, German-Dutch command)
Götz Gliemeroth 11 Aug 2003 - 9 Feb 2004 [picture] Germany (ISAF IV, NATO command)
Rick J. Hillier 9 Feb 2004 - 9 Aug 2004 [picture] Canada (ISAF V, NATO command)
Jean-Louis Py 9 Aug 2004 - 13 Feb 2005 [picture] France (ISAF VI, Eurocorps command)
Ethem Erdagi 13 Feb 2005 - 5 Aug 2005 [picture] Turkey (ISAF VII, NATO command)
Mauro Del Vecchio 5 Aug 2005 - 4 May 2006 [picture] Italy (ISAF VIII, NATO command)
David J. Richards 4 May 2006 - 4 Feb 2007 [picture] United Kingdom (ISAF IX, NATO command)
Dan K. McNeill 4 Feb 2007 - 3 Jun 2008 United States (ISAF X and XI, NATO command)
David D. McKiernan 3 Jun 2008 - 15 Jun 2009 United States (NATO command)
Stanley A. McChrystal 15 Jun 2009 - United States (NATO command)
General Secretaries of HDKA and HW (Communist rule, 1978-1992)
Babrak Karmal 27 Dec 1979 - 4 May 1986 (+1996) [picture]
Mohammad Najibullah 4 May 1986 - 16 Apr 1992 (+1996)e [picture]
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