ZPC European Governments

European Governments



This collection provides shorts descriptions (prime ministers, tenures and partisan compositions) of European governments over the years. The country set doesn't include Andorra, Liechtenstein, Malta, Monaco and San Marino. European CIS countries, Armenia, Azerbaijan, Belarus, Georgia, Moldova, Russia and Ukraine, have been excluded either because the executive cabinets are not generally lined up through parliamentary/partisan arrangements but by presidential decision. The page includes three no longer existing countries, Czechoslovakia, East Germany and the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia/Serbia and Montenegro.

Check the countries at the Political Leaders database. Look for biographies of the leaders (in Spanish) at CIDOB website.


Albanian
Governments 1982-2009

Parties: LM: Legality Movement PAASh: Agrarian Environmentalist Party of Albania LSI: Socialist Movement for Integration PADSh: Party of the Democratic Alliance of Albania PASh: Agrarian Party of Albania (> PAASh) PBDN: Human Rights' Union Party PBK: National Front Party PBSD: Social Democratic Unity Party PDK: Christian Democratic Party of Albania PDR: New Democratic Party PDSh: Democratic Party of Albania PPSh: Albanian Workers' Party (> PSSh 3 Jun 1991) PSDSh: Social Democratic Party of Albania PRSh: Republican Party of Albania PSSh: Socialist Party of Albania

Elections: 31 Mar, 7 Apr and 14 Apr 1991 / 22 and 29 Mar 1992 / 26 May, 2 Jun and 16 Jun 1996 / 29 Jun and 6 Jul 1997 / 24 Jun, 8 Jul, 22 Jul and 29 Jul 2001 / 3 Jul 2005 / 28 Jun 2009

Prime Minister PM affiliation Tenure Partisan composition
Adil Çarçani (I) PPSh 18 Jan 1982 - 19 Feb 1987 PPSh
Adil Çarçani (II) PPSh 19 Feb 1987 - 22 Feb 1991 PPSh
Fatos Nano (I) PPSh 22 Feb 1991 - 12 May 1991 PPSh
Fatos Nano (II) PPSh 12 May 1991 - 05 Jun 1991 PPSh
Ylli Bufi PPSh/PSSh 05 Jun 1991 - 11 Dec 1991 PPSh/PSSh + PDSh + PSDSh + PRSh + PASh
Vilson Ahmeti n/p 11 Dec 1991 - 13 Apr 1992 n/p ministers
Aleksander Meksi (I) PDSh 13 Apr 1992 - 04 Dec 1994 PDSh + PRSh + PSDSh
Aleksander Meksi (II) PDSh 04 Dec 1994 - 11 Jul 1996 PDSh + PSDSh
Aleksander Meksi (III) PDSh 11 Jul 1996 - 11 Mar 1997 PDSh + PRSh + PBSD + PDK
Bashkim Fino PSSh 11 Mar 1997 - 24 Jul 1997 PSSh + PDSh + PBSD + LM + PDK + PBK + PSDSh + PRSh + PBDN (1)
Fatos Nano (III) PSSh 24 Jul 1997 - 02 Oct 1998 PSSh + PSDSh + PADSh + PBDN + PASh
Pandeli Majko (I) PSSh 02 Oct 1998 - 29 Oct 1999 PSSh + PSDSh + PADSh + PBDN + PASh
Ilir Meta (I) PSSh 29 Oct 1999 - 12 Sep 2001 PSSh + PSDSh + PADSh + PBDN + PASh
Ilir Meta (II) PSSh 12 Sep 2001 - 22 Feb 2002 PSSh + PSDSh + PADSh + PBDN + PASh
Pandeli Majko (II) PSSh 22 Feb 2002 - 31 Jul 2002 PSSh + PSDSh + PBDN + PASh
Fatos Nano (IV) PSSh 31 Jul 2002 - 11 Sep 2005 PSSh + PSDSh + PBDN + PASh/PAASh
Sali Berisha (I) PDSh 11 Sep 2005 - 17 Sep 2009 PDSh + PRSh + PBDN + PAASh + PDR + PDK (2)
Sali Berisha (II) PDSh 17 Sep 2009 - in office PDSh + LSI + PRSh

(1) Government of national union.
(2) PDK joined the Cabinet on 20 Mar 2007.

Austrian
Governments 1945-2009

Parties: BZÖ: Alliance for the future of Austria (split from FPÖ) FPÖ: Freedom Party of Austia KPÖ: Communist Party of Austria SPÖ: Social Democratic Party of Austria (to 1991, Austrian Socialist Party) ÖVP: Austrian People's Party

Elections: 25 Nov 1945 / 9 Oct 1949 / 22 Feb 1953 / 13 May 1956 / 10 May 1959 / 18 Nov 1962 / 6 Mar 1966 / 1 Mar 1970 / 10 Oct 1971 / 5 Oct 1975 / 6 May 1979 / 24 Apr 1983 / 23 Nov 1986 / 7 Oct 1990 / 9 Oct 1994 / 17 Dec 1995 / 3 Oct 1999 / 24 Nov 2002 / 1 Oct 2006 / 28 Sep 2008

Prime Minister PM affiliation Tenure Partisan composition
Karl Renner SPÖ 29 Apr 1945 - 20 Dec 1945 SPÖ + ÖVP + KPÖ
Leopold Figl (I) ÖVP 20 Dec 1945 - 08 Nov 1949 ÖVP + SPÖ + KPÖ (1)
Leopold Figl (II) ÖVP 08 Nov 1949 - 28 Oct 1952 ÖVP + SPÖ
Leopold Figl (III) ÖVP 28 Oct 1952 - 02 Apr 1953 ÖVP + SPÖ
Julius Raab (I) ÖVP 02 Apr 1953 - 29 Jun 1956 ÖVP + SPÖ
Julius Raab (II) ÖVP 29 Jun 1956 - 15 Jul 1959 ÖVP + SPÖ
Julius Raab (III) ÖVP 15 Jul 1959 - 03 Nov 1960 ÖVP + SPÖ
Julius Raab (IV) ÖVP 03 Nov 1960 - 11 Apr 1961 ÖVP + SPÖ
Alfons Gorbach (I) ÖVP 11 Apr 1961 - 27 Mar 1963 ÖVP + SPÖ
Alfons Gorbach (II) ÖVP 27 Mar 1963 - 02 Apr 1964 ÖVP + SPÖ
Josef Klaus (I) ÖVP 02 Apr 1964 - 19 Apr 1966 ÖVP + SPÖ
Josef Klaus (II) ÖVP 19 Apr 1966 - 21 Apr 1970 ÖVP
Bruno Kreisky (I) SPÖ 21 Apr 1970 - 04 Nov 1971 SPÖ
Bruno Kreisky (II) SPÖ 04 Nov 1971 - 28 Oct 1975 SPÖ
Bruno Kreisky (III) SPÖ 28 Oct 1975 - 05 Jun 1979 SPÖ
Bruno Kreisky (IV) SPÖ 05 Jun 1979 - 24 May 1983 SPÖ
Fred Sinowatz SPÖ 24 May 1983 - 16 Jun 1986 SPÖ + FPÖ
Franz Vranitzky (I) SPÖ 16 Jun 1986 - 21 Jan 1987 SPÖ + FPÖ
Franz Vranitzky (II) SPÖ 21 Jan 1987 - 17 Dec 1990 SPÖ + ÖVP
Franz Vranitzky (III) SPÖ 17 Dec 1990 - 29 Nov 1994 SPÖ + ÖVP
Franz Vranitzky (IV) SPÖ 29 Nov 1994 - 12 Mar 1996 SPÖ + ÖVP (2)
Franz Vranitzky (V) SPÖ 12 Mar 1996 - 28 Jan 1997 SPÖ + ÖVP
Viktor Klima SPÖ 28 Jan 1997 - 04 Feb 2000 SPÖ + ÖVP
Wolfgang Schüssel (I) ÖVP 04 Feb 2000 - 28 Feb 2003 ÖVP + FPÖ (3)
Wolfgang Schüssel (II) ÖVP 28 Feb 2003 - 11 Jan 2007 ÖVP + FPÖ/BZÖ (4)
Alfred Gusenbauer SPÖ 11 Jan 2007 - 02 Dec 2008 SPÖ + ÖVP (5)
Werner Faymann SPÖ 02 Dec 2008 - in office SPÖ + ÖVP

(1) KPÖ left the Government on 24 Nov 1947.
(2) ÖVP declared the coalition broken on 12 Oct 1995.
(3) Chancellor Schüssel dissolved the Government on 9 Sep 2002.
(4) On 4 Apr 2005 the FPÖ wing loyal to former party chairman Jörg Haider split and formed a new party, the BZÖ. On 17 Apr 2005 the BZÖ replaced the FPÖ as the ÖVP coalition partner in the Federal Government.
(5) ÖVP declared the coalition broken on 7 Jul 2008.

Belgian
Governments 1988-2009

Parties: Agalev: (Flemish) "Living in a different way", ecologist CDH: (Walloon, called PSC to 2002) Humanist Democratic Center CD&V: (Flemish, called CVP to 2001) Christian Democrats & Flemish CVP: (Flemish, called CD&V since 2001) Christian People's Party Ecolo: (Walloon) ecologists FDF: (Brussells) Democratic Front of Francophones MCC: (Walloon) Citizens' Movement for Change MR: Reformist Movement (PRL-FDF-MCC federation) PRL: (Walloon) Liberal Reformist Party PS: (Walloon) Socialist Party PSC: (Walloon, called CDH since 2002) Social Christian Party SP: (Flemish) Socialist Party (from 2001, SP.A) SP.A: (Flemish) Social Progressive Alternative (to 2001, SP) Spirit: (Flemish) Social, Progressive, International, Regionalist, Integral-Democratic, Turned to the Future VLD: Flemish Liberals and Democrats (Open-VLD since 2007) VU: People's Union-Flemish Free Democrats

Elections: 13 Dec 1987 / 24 Nov 1991 / 21 May 1995 / 13 Jun 1999 / 18 May 2003 / 10 Jun 2007

Prime Minister PM affiliation Tenure Partisan composition
Wilfried Martens CVP 09 May 1988 - 07 Mar 1992 CVP + PSC + SP + PS + VU (1)
Jean-Luc Dehaene (I) CVP 07 Mar 1992 - 23 Jun 1995 CVP + PSC + SP + PS
Jean-Luc Dehaene (II) CVP 23 Jun 1995 - 12 Jul 1999 CVP + PSC + SP + PS
Guy Verhofstadt (I) VLD 12 Jul 1999 - 12 Jul 2003 VLD + PRL/FDF + SP + PS + Ecolo + Agalev (2)
Guy Verhofstadt (II) VLD 12 Jul 2003 - 20 Jul 2004 VLD + SP.A + PS + MR + Spirit
Guy Verhofstadt (III) VLD 20 Jul 2004 - 21 Dec 2007 VLD + SP.A + PS + MR + Spirit
Guy Verhofstadt (IV) Open-VLD 21 Dec 2007 - 20 Mar 2008 Open-VLD + CD&V + PS + MR + CDH
Yves Leterme CD&V 20 Mar 2008 - 30 Dec 2008 CD&V + Open VLD + PS + MR + CDH
Herman Van Rompuy CD&V 30 Dec 2008 - in office CD&V + Open VLD + PS + MR + CDH

(1) VU withdrew on 29 Oct 1991.
(2) Ecolo withdrew in May 2003.

Bosnian-Herzegovinan
Governments 1990-2009

Parties: HDZ: Croatian Democratic Union HDZ 1990: Croatian Democratic Union 1990 HDZBiH: Croatian Democratic Union for Bosnia and Herzegovina (new name of HDZ) NHI: New Croatian Initiative NSRB: People's Party Work for Betterment PDP: Party for Democratic Progress SA: Socialist Alliance SBiH: Party for Bosnia and Herzegovina SDA: Party of Democratic Action SDP: Social Democratic Party of BiH SDS: Serbian Democratic Party SKB: League of Bosnian Communists SNS RS: Serbian People's Union of Republika SprskaSNSD: Party of Independent Social Democrats SPO: Serbian Renaissance Movement SP RS: Socialist Party of Republika Sprska n/p: non-party

Elections: 18 Nov, 2 Dec, 9 Dec 1990 (as Yugoslav republic; independence proclaimed 3 Mar 1992) / 14 Sep 1996 / 12-13 Sep 1998 / 11 Nov 2000 / 5 Oct 2002 / 1 Oct 2006

Prime Minister PM affiliation Tenure Partisan composition
Jure Pelivan HDZ 28 Nov 1990 - 09 Nov 1992 SDA + HDZ + SDS (1)
Mile Akmadzic HDZ 09 Nov 1992 - 25 Oct 1993 SDA + HDZ (2)
Haris Silajdzic SDA 25 Oct 1993 - 21 Jan 1996 SDA + HDZ + SPO + SA + SKB
Hasan Muratovic n/p (3) 21 Jan 1996 - 03 Jan 1997 SDA + HDZ
Haris Silajdzic/
Boro Bosic (4)		 SBiH/
SDS		 03 Jan 1997 - 03 Feb 1999 SBiH + SDS + SDA + HDZ
Haris Silajdzic/
Svetozar Mihajlovic (4)		 SBiH/
SP RS		 03 Feb 1999 - 06 Jun 2000 SBiH + SP RS + SNS RS + SDA + HDZ
Spasoje Tusevljak n/p 06 Jun 2000 - 18 Oct 2000 SBiH + SP RS + SNS RS + SDA + HDZ
Martin Raguz HDZ 18 Oct 2000 - 22 Feb 2001 SBiH + SP RS + SNS RS + SDA + HDZ
Bozidar Matic SDP 22 Feb 2001 - 18 Jul 2001 SDP + SBiH + NHI + SNS RS + PDP (5)
Zlatko Lagumdzija SDP 18 Jul 2001 - 15 Mar 2002 SDP + SBiH + NHI + SNS RS + PDP
Dragan Mikerevic PDP 15 Mar 2002 - 23 Dec 2002 SDP + SBiH + NHI + SNS RS + PDP
Adnan Terzic SDA 23 Dec 2002 - 11 Jan 2007 SDA + SDS + HDZ + SBiH + PDP
Nikola Spiric SNSD 11 Jan 2007 - in office SNSD + SBiH + SDA + PDP + HDZ 1990 + HDZBiH + NSRB

(1) SDA, HDZ and SDS comprised the cabinet core. SDS withdrew by Oct 1991. Aditional minor partners not available.
(2) SDA and HDZ comprised the cabinet core. Aditional minor partners not available.
(3) Formally a non-party prime minister, but designated by and linked to SDA.
(4) Co-prime ministers.
(5) SDP, SBiH and NHI formed the coalition Alliance for Changes; SNS RS and PDP were not members, but supported the alliance.

Bulgarian
Governments 1986-2009

Parties: BKP: Bulgarian Communist Party (transformed into BSP 3 Apr 1990) BSP: Bulgarian Socialist Party SDS: Union of Democratic Forces (coalition) BZnS: Bulgarian People's Farmers Union BZnS(AS): Bulgarian People's Farmers Union (Aleksandar Stambolijski) DE: Ekoglasnost movement DP: Democratic Party GERB: Citizens for European Development of Bulgaria NDSV: National Movement Simeon II (renamed National Movement for Stability and Progress in 2007) DPS: Movement for Rights and Freedoms n/p: non-party

Elections: 10-17 Jun 1990 / 13 Oct 1991 / 18 Dec 1994 / 19 Apr 1997 / 17 Jun 2001 / 25 Jun 2005 / 5 Jul 2009

Prime Minister PM affiliation Tenure Partisan composition
Georgy Atanasov BKP 21 Mar 1986 - 03 Feb 1990 BKP
Andrey Lukanov BKP/BSP 03 Feb 1990 - 07 Dec 1990 BKP/BSP
Dimitar Popov n/p 07 Dec 1990 - 08 Nov 1991 BSP + SDS + BZnS
Filip Dimitrov SDS 08 Nov 1991 - 30 Dec 1992 SDS
Lyuben Berov n/p 30 Dec 1992 - 17 Oct 1994 n/p (1)
Reneta Indzhova n/p (acting) 17 Oct 1994 - 25 Jan 1995 n/p
Zhan Videnov BSP 25 Jan 1995 - 13 Feb 1997 BSP + BZnS(AS) + DE
Stefan Sofiyanski n/p (acting) 13 Feb 1997 - 21 May 1997 n/p
Ivan Kostov SDS 21 May 1997 - 24 Jul 2001 SDS + DP (2)
Simeon Sakskoburggotski NDSV 24 Jul 2001 - 16 Aug 2005 NDSV + DPS
Sergey Stanishev BSP 16 Aug 2005 - 27 Jul 2009 BSP + NDSV + DPS
Boyko Borisov GERB 27 Jul 2009 - in office GERB

(1) Government made with non-party ministers but supported from Parliament by BSP and DPS.
(2) On 15 Feb 1997 the 15 parties comprising the SDS coalition decided to merge into a sole party, also called SDS, which along with the DP, the BZnS and the Bulgarian Social Democratic Party (BSDP) run under an United Democratic Forces (ODS) umbrella in the 19 Apr 1997 elections.

Croatian
Governments 1990-2009

Parties: DC: Democratic Center HDZ: Croatian Democratic Union HKDS: Croatian Christian Democratic Party HNS: Croatian People's Party HSLS: Croatian Social Liberal Party HSP: Croatian Party of Rights HSS: Croatian Peasant Party IDS-DDI: Istrian Democratic Assembly Libra: Party of Liberal Democrats LS: Liberal Party SDHS: Social Democratic Party of Croatia SDP: Party of the Democratic Changes/Social Democratic Party of Croatia SDSS: Independent Serb Democratic Party

Elections: 22 Apr, 6 May 1990 (as Yugoslav republic, independence proclaimed 25 May 1991) / 2 Aug 1992 / 29 Oct 1995 / 3 Jan 2000 / 23 Nov 2003 / 25 Nov 2007

Prime Minister PM affiliation Tenure Partisan composition
Stipe Mesic HDZ 30 May 1990 - 24 Aug 1990 HDZ
Josip Manolic HDZ 24 Aug 1990 - 17 Jul 1991 HDZ
Franjo Greguric HDZ 17 Jul 1991 - 12 Aug 1992 HDZ
Hrvoje Sarinic HDZ 12 Aug 1992 - 03 Apr 1993 HDZ
Nikica Valentic HDZ 03 Apr 1993 - 07 Nov 1995 HDZ
Zlatko Matesa HDZ 07 Nov 1995 - 27 Jan 2000 HDZ
Ivica Racan (I) SDP 27 Jan 2000 - 30 Jul 2002 SDP + HSLS + HNS + LS + IDS-DDI + HSS (1)
Ivica Racan (II) SDP 30 Jul 2002 - 23 Dec 2003 SSDP + HNS + LS + HSS + Libra
Ivo Sanader (I) HDZ 23 Dec 2003 - 17 Feb 2005 HDZ + DC
Ivo Sanader (II) HDZ 17 Feb 2005 - 12 Jan 2008 HDZ + DC
Ivo Sanader (III) HDZ 12 Jan 2008 - 06 Jul 2009 HDZ + HSS + HSLS + SDSS
Jadranka Kosor HDZ 06 Jul 2009 - in office HDZ + HSS + HSLS + SDSS

(1) IDS-DDI withdrew on 3 Jun 2001.

Cypriot
Governments 1988-2009

Parties: AKEL: Progressive party of the Working People DIKO: Democratic Party DISY: Democratic Rally EDEK: Socialist Party of Cyprus (then, Movement for Social Democracy) KF: Liberal Party KED: Movement of Free Democrats KISOS: Movement of Social Democrats (EDEK denomination 1999-2003)n/p: non-party

Elections:: 19 May 1991 / 26 May 1996 / 27 May 2001 / 21 May 2006

Prime Minister PM affiliation Tenure Partisan composition
Georgios Vasiliou n/p 28 Feb 1988 - 28 Feb 1993 n/p ministers
Glafkos Clerides DISY 28 Feb 1993 - 28 Feb 1998 DISY + DIKO (1)
Glafkos Clerides DISY 08 Feb 1998 - 28 Feb 2003 DISY + DIKO + EDEK/KISOS + KF + KED (2)
Tassos Papadopoulos DIKO 28 Feb 2003 - 28 Feb 2008 DIKO + AKEL + EDEK/KISOS (3)
Dimitris Christofias AKEL 28 Feb 2008 - in office AKEL + DIKO + EDEK

(1) DIKO withdrew on 5 Nov 1997.
(2) DIKO ministers stayed in the Cabinet as mavericks not authorized by the party. EDEK withdrew on 4 Jan 1999.
(3) AKEL withdrew on 11 Jul 2007.

Czech
Governments 1993-2009

Parties: CSSD: Czech Social Democratic Party KDS: Christian Democratic Party (merged into ODS in Mar 1996) KDU-CSL: Christian Democratic Union-Czechoslovak People's Party ODA: Civic Democratic Alliance ODS: Civic Democratic Party SZ: Green Party US: Union of Freedom US-DEU: Union of Freedom-Democratic Union (two party merger in Oct 2001) n/p: non-party

Elections: 31 May, 1 Jun 1996 / 19-20 Jun 1998 / 14-15 Jun 2002 / 2-3 Jun 2006

Prime Minister PM affiliation Tenure Partisan composition
Václav Klaus (I) ODS 01 Jan 1993 - 04 Jul 1996 ODS + KDU-CSL + ODA + KDS
Václav Klaus (II) ODS 04 Jul 1996 - 17 Dec 1997 ODS + KDU-CSL + ODA (1)
Josef Tosovský n/p 17 Dec 1997 - 17 Jul 1998 ODS/US + KDU-CSL + ODA (2)
Milos Zeman CSSD 17 Jul 1998 - 12 Jul 2002 CSSD
Vladimír Spidla CSSD 12 Jul 2002 - 26 Jul 2004 CSSD + KDU-CSL + US-DEU
Stanislav Gross CSSD 26 Jul 2004 - 25 Apr 2005 CSSD + KDU-CSL + US-DEU (3)
Jirí Paroubek CSSD 25 Apr 2005 - 04 Sep 2006 CSSD + KDU-CSL + US-DEU
Mirek Topolánek (I) ODS 04 Sep 2006 - 09 Jan 2007 ODS
Mirek Topolánek (II) ODS 09 Jan 2007 - 08 May 2009 ODS + KDU-CSL + SZ
Jan Fischer n/p 08 May 2009 - in office n/p ministers

is (1) KDU-CSL and ODA withdrew on 29 Nov 1997; Klaus resigned the next day.
(2) Four ministers belonged to a maverick wing of ODS; some of then joined the US party when it was founded on 17 Jan 1998.
(3) KDU-CSL announced its withdrawal on 31 Mar 2005; Gross resigned on 9 Apr.

Czechoslovak
Governments 1988-1992

Parties: CSL: Czechoslovak People's Party CSS: Czechoslovak Socialist Party KSC: Communist Party of Czechoslovakia KDH: Christian Democratic Movement (Slovak lands-based) KDU/CSL: Christian Democratic Union/Czechoslovak People's Party (Czech lands-based) HZDS: Movement for a Democratic Slovakia OF: Civic Forum (Czech lands-based) ODS: Civic Democratic Party (Czech lands-based) ODU-VPN: Civic Democratic Union (Slovak lands-based) VPN: Public Against Violence (Slovak lands-based) n/p: n/p

Elections:: 8-9 Jun 1990 / 5-6 Jun 1992 (The Czech and Slovak Federative Republic ceased to exist on 31 Dec 1992)

Prime Minister PM affiliation Tenure Partisan composition
Ladislav Adamec KSC 11 Oct 1988 - 03 Dec 1989 KSC
Ladislav Adamec KSC 03 Dec 1989 - 10 Dec 1989 KSC + CSS + CSL + n/p (1)
Marián Calfa KSC, VPN (2) 10 Dec 1989 - 27 Jun 1990 KSC + CSS + CSL + n/p (3)
Marián Calfa VPN, ODU-VPN 27 Jun 1990 - 01 Jul 1992 OF/ODS + VPN/ODU-VPN + KDH (4)
Jan Strásky ODS 01 Jul 1992 - 31 Dec 1992 ODS + HZDS + KDU/CSL

(1) CSS and CSL belonged to the so-called National Front of Czechs and Slovaks (NF), a structure hegemonized by the KSC.
(2) Prime minister Calfa left out the KSC on 18 Jan 1990 to join the VPN. Following the disolution of the VPN in Apr 1991, he became a leading member of ODU-VPN (see below).
(3) The CSL became the KDU-CSL in 1992. Four out of the seven ministers labeled as independents were in fact linked to the OF.
(4) Both the OF, active in the Czech Republic, and its Slovak partner, the VPN, were disbanded in Apr 1991. From the defunct OF several parties came out: the ODS, the Civic Democratic Alliance (ODA) and the Civic Movement (OH). From VPN, the ODU-VPN and the HZDS.

Danish
Governments 1947-2009

Parties: CD: Centre Democrats DR: Justice Party of Denmark KF: Conservative People's Party KrF: Christian People's Party RV: Radikale Venstre ("Radical Left"), Danish Social Liberal Party SD: Social Democrats V: Venstre ("Left"), Liberal Party

Elections: 28 Oct 1947 / 5 Sep 1950 / 21 Apr 1953 / 22 Sep 1953 / 14 May 1957 / 15 Nov 1960/ 22 Sep 1964 / 22 Nov 1966 / 23 Jan 1968 / 21 Sep 1971 / 4 Dec 1973 / 9 Jan 1975 / 15 Feb 1977 / 23 Oct 1979 / 8 Dec 1981 / 10 Jan 1984 / 8 Sep 1987 / 10 May 1988 / 12 Dec 1990 / 21 Sep 1994 / 11 Mar 1998 / 20 Nov 2001 / 8 Feb 2005 / 13 Nov 2007

Prime Minister PM affiliation Tenure Partisan composition
Hans Hedtoft (I) SD 13 Nov 1947 - 30 Oct 1950 SD
Erik Eriksen V 30 Oct 1950 - 30 Sep 1953 V + KF
Hans Hedtoft (II) SD 30 Sep 1953 - 01 Feb 1955 SD
Hans Christian Hansen (I) SD 01 Feb 1955 - 28 May 1957 SD
Hans Christian Hansen (II) SD 28 May 1957 - 21 Feb 1960 SD + RV + DR
Viggo Kampmann (I) SD 21 Feb 1960 - 18 Nov 1960 SD + RV + DR
Viggo Kampmann (II) SD 18 Nov 1960 - 03 Sep 1962 SD + RV
Jens Otto Krag (I) SD 03 Sep 1962 - 29 Sep 1964 SD + RV
Jens Otto Krag (II) SD 29 Sep 1964 - 02 Feb 1968 SD
Hilmar Baunsgaard RV 02 Feb 1968 - 11 Oct 1971 RV + KF + V
Jens Otto Krag (III) SD 11 Oct 1971 - 05 Oct 1972 SD
Anker Jørgensen (I) SD 05 Oct 1972 - 19 Dec 1973 SD
Poul Hartling V 19 Dec 1973 - 13 Feb 1975 V
Anker Jørgensen (II) SD 13 Feb 1975 - 30 Aug 1978 SD + V
Anker Jørgensen (III) SD 30 Aug 1978 - 26 Oct 1979 SD + V
Anker Jørgensen (IV) SD 26 Oct 1979 - 30 Dec 1981 SD
Anker Jørgensen (V) SD 30 Dec 1981 - 10 Sep 1982 SD
Poul Schlüter (I) KF 10 Sep 1982 - 10 Sep 1987 KF + V + CD + KrF
Poul Schlüter (II) KF 10 Sep 1987 - 03 Jun 1988 KF + V + CD + KrF
Poul Schlüter (III) KF 03 Jun 1988 - 18 Dec 1990 KF + V + RV
Poul Schlüter (IV) KF 18 Dec 1990 - 25 Jan 1993 KF + V
Poul Nyrup Rasmussen (I) SD 25 Jan 1993 - 27 Sep 1994 SD + RV + CD + KrF
Poul Nyrup Rasmussen (II) SD 27 Sep 1994 - 30 Dec 1996 SD + RV + CD
Poul Nyrup Rasmussen (III) SD 30 Dec 1996 - 23 Mar 1998 SD + RV
Poul Nyrup Rasmussen (IV) SD 23 Mar 1998 - 27 Nov 2001 SD + RV
Anders Fogh Rasmussen (I) V 27 Nov 2001 - 18 Feb 2005 V + KF
Anders Fogh Rasmussen (II) V 18 Feb 2005 - 23 Nov 2007 V + KF
Anders Fogh Rasmussen (III) V 23 Nov 2007 - 05 Apr 2009 V + KF
Lars Løkke Rasmussen V 05 Apr 2009 - in office V + KF

Estonian
Governments 1990-2009

Parties: EA: Progressive Party ERSP: Estonian national Independence Party ERL: Estonian People's Union (called EME to 1999) IERSP: Pro Patria Union ('Isamaaliit', merger of RK 'Isamaa' and ERSP since 2 Dec 1995) IRL (Isamaa ja Res Publica Liit): Union of Pro Patria and Res Publica (2006) Kesk: Estonian Center Party KMU: Coalition Party and Rural Union (comprising Estonian Coalition Party (KE or KMU-K), Estonian Rural Union (EM or KMU-M), Estonian Country People's Party (EME), Estonian Pensioners' and Families' League (EPPL) and Farmers' Assembly (PK) L: Liberals M: Moderates P: Rightists 'Rahvarinne': Popular Front of Estonia RE: Estonian Reform Party ResP: Union for the Republic-Res Publica RK 'Isamaa': National Coalition Party Pro Patria SDE: Social Democratic Party (2004, previously the Moderates)

Elections: 21 Mar 1990 (Soviet era) / 20 Sep 1992 / 5 Mar 1995 / 7 Mar 1999 / 2 Mar 2003 / 4 Mar 2007

Prime Minister PM affiliation Tenure Partisan composition
Edgar Savisaar Rahvarinne 03 Apr 1990 - 30 Jan 1992 Rahavarinne + n/p
Tiit Vähi (I) n/p 30 Jan 1992 - 21 Oct 1992 n/p
Mart Laar (I) RK Isamaa 21 Oct 1992 - 08 Nov 1994 RK Isamaa + ERSP + M + L
Andres Tarand n/p 08 Nov 1994 - 17 Apr 1995 RK Isamaa + ERSP + M + L/RE + P
Tiit Vähi (II) KMU-K 17 Apr 1995 - 06 Nov 1995 KMU + Kesk (1)
Tiit Vähi (III) KMU-K 06 Nov 1995 - 17 Mar 1997 KMU + RE (2)
Mart Siimann KMU-K 17 Mar 1997 - 25 Mar 1999 KMU + EA
Mart Laar (II) IERSP 25 Mar 1999 - 28 Jan 2002 IERSP + RE + M
Siim Kallas RE 28 Jan 2002 - 10 Apr 2003 RE + Kesk
Juhan Parts ResP 10 Apr 2003 - 13 Apr 2005 ResP + RE + ERL
Andrus Ansip (I) RE 13 Apr 2005 - 05 Apr 2007 RE + Kesk + ERL
Andrus Ansip (II) RE 05 Apr 2007 - in office RE + IRL + SDE (3)

(1) Kesk withdrew on 11 Oct 1995.
(2) RE withdrew on 21 Nov 1996.
(3) SDE ministers were sacked on 21 May 2009.

Finnish
Governments 1987-2009

Parties: KESK: Finnish Center KOK: national Coalition Party RKP/SFP: Swedish People's Party in Finland SDP: Finnish Social Democratic Party SKL: Finnish Christian League SMP: Finnish Rural Party VAS: Left-Wing Alliance; VIHR: Green League

Elections: 15-16 Mar 1987 / 17 Mar 1991 / 19 Mar 1995 / 21 Mar 1999 / 16 Mar 2003 / 18 Mar 2007

Prime Minister PM affiliation Tenure Partisan composition
Harri Holkeri KOK 30 Apr 1987 - 26 Apr 1991 KOK + SDP + RKP/SFP + SMP (1)
Esko Aho KESK 26 Apr 1991 - 13 Apr 1995 KESK + KOK + RKP/SFP + SKL (2)
Paavo Lipponen (I) SDP 13 Apr 1995 - 15 Apr 1999 SDP + KOK + RKP/SFP + VAS + VIHR
Paavo Lipponen (II) SDP 15 Apr 1999 - 17 Apr 2003 SDP + KOK + RKP/SFP + VAS + VIHR (3)
Anneli Jäätteenmäki KESK 17 Apr 2003 - 18 Jun 2003 KESK + SDP + RKP/SFP
Matti Vanhanen (I) KESK 24 Jun 2003 - 19 Apr 2007 KESK + SDP + RKP/SFP
Matti Vanhanen (II) KESK 19 Apr 2007 - in office KESK + KOK + RKP/SFP + VIHR

(1) SMP withdrew on 28 Aug 1990.
(2) SKL withdrew on 26 Jun 1994.
(3) VIHR withdrew on 31 May 2002.

French
Governments 1988-2009

Parties: DL: Liberal Democracy (disbanded 21 Sep 2002) GE: Ecology Generation FRS: Forum of Social Republican (linked to UMP) les Verts: The Greens MDC: Citizens Movement MDR: Movement of Reformers MRG: Left Radical Movement (then PRS) PCF: French Communist Party PRG: Radical Party of the Left PRS: Radical Socialist Party (then PRG) PS: Socialist Party PSLE: The New Center/European Social Liberal Party (splinters of UDF, linked to UMP) Rad.: Radical Party (member of UDF to 2002; then, linked to UMP) RPR: Rally for the Republic (disbanded 21 Sep 2002) UDF: Union for the French Democracy (confederation to 1998; then, single party) UMP: Union for a Popular Movement (founded 23 Apr 2002, including RPR and DL)

Elections: 5-12 Jun 1988 / 21-28 Mar 1993 / 25 May-1 Jun 1997 / 9-16 Jun 2002 / 10-17 Jun 2007

Prime Minister PM affiliation Tenure Partisan composition
Michel Rocard (I) PS 10 May 1988 - 23 Jun 1988 PS + UDF + MRG + GE
Michel Rocard (II) PS 23 Jun 1988 - 15 May 1991 PS + UDF + MRG + MDR + GE
Édith Cresson PS 15 May 1991 - 02 Apr 1992 PS + MRG + MDR + GE
Pierre Bérégovoy PS 02 Apr 1992 - 29 Mar 1993 PS + MRG + MDR
Édouard Balladur RPR 29 Mar 1993 - 18 May 1995 RPR + UDF
Alain Juppé (I) RPR 18 May 1995 - 07 Nov 1995 RPR + UDF
Alain Juppé (II) RPR 07 Nov 1995 - 03 Jun 1997 RPR + UDF
Lionel Jospin PS 03 Jun 1997 - 06 May 2002 PS + PCF + PRS/PRG + MDC + Verts
Jean-Pierre Raffarin (I) DL 06 May 2002 - 17 Jun 2002 RPR + UDF + DL
Jean-Pierre Raffarin (II) DL/UMP 17 Jun 2002 - 31 Mar 2004 UMP + UDF (1)
Jean-Pierre Raffarin (III) UMP 31 Mar 2004 - 31 May 2005 UMP + UDF
Dominique de Villepin UMP 31 May 2005 - 17 May 2007 UMP
François Fillon (I) UMP 17 May 2007 - 19 Jun 2007 UMP + Rad. + PSLE + FRS
François Fillon (II) UMP 19 Jun 2007 - in office UMP + Rad. + PSLE + FRS

(1) RPR and DL ceased to exist on 21 Sep 2002 as parts of the process of creation of the new UMP, which was first launched on 23 Apr 2002 by supporters of president Chirac and officially founded in its constituent congress on 17 Nov 2002. As for the UDF, two members out of three, the Radical Party (Rad.) and the Popular Party for the French Democracy (PPDF), also joined UMP, leaving the Democratic Force (FD) as the sole member of the UDF.

German Federal
Governments 1949-2009

Parties: BHE: League of Expellees and Deprived of Rights CDU: Christian Democratic Union CSU: Christian Social Union DP: German Party FDP: Free Democratic Party FVP: Liberal People's Party (1956-1957) SPD: Social Democratic Party Die Grünen: The Greens

Elections: 14 Aug 1949 / 6 Sep 1953 / 15 Sep 1957 / 17 Sep 1961 / 19 Sep 1965 / 28 Sep 1969 / 19 Nov 1972 / 3 Oct 1976 / 5 Oct 1980 / 6 Mar 1983 / 25 Jan 1987 / 2 Dec 1990 / 16 Oct 1994 / 27 Sep 1998 / 22 Sep 2002 / 18 Sep 2005 / 27 Sep 2009

in office
Prime Minister PM affiliation Tenure Partisan composition
Konrad Adenauer (I) CDU 20 Sep 1949 - 20 Oct 1953 CDU + CSU + FDP + DP
Konrad Adenauer (II) CDU 20 Oct 1953 - 29 Oct 1957 CDU + CSU + FDP/FVP + DP + BHE (1)
Konrad Adenauer (III) CDU 29 Oct 1957 - 14 Nov 1961 CDU + CSU + DP
Konrad Adenauer (IV) CDU 14 Nov 1961 - 14 Dec 1962 CDU + CSU + FDP
Konrad Adenauer (V) CDU 14 Dec 1962 - 16 Oct 1963 CDU + CSU + FDP
Ludwig Erhard (I) CDU 17 Oct 1963 - 26 Oct 1965 CDU + CSU + FDP
Ludwig Erhard (II) CDU 26 Oct 1965 - 01 Dec 1966 CDU + CSU + FDP
Kurt Georg Kiesinger CDU 01 Dec 1966 - 21 Oct 1969 CDU + CSU + SPD
Willy Brandt (I) SPD 21 Oct 1969 - 14 Dec 1972 SPD + FDP
Willy Brandt (II) SPD 15 Dec 1972 - 07 May 1974 SPD + FDP
Helmut Schmidt (I) SPD 16 May 1974 - 15 Dec 1976 SPD + FDP
Helmut Schmidt (II) SPD 15 Dec 1976 - 05 Nov 1980 SPD + FDP
Helmut Schmidt (III) SPD 05 Nov 1980 - 01 Oct 1982 SPD + FDP
Helmut Kohl (I) CDU 01 Oct 1982 - 30 Mar 1983 CDU + CSU + FDP
Helmut Kohl (II) CDU 30 Mar 1983 - 12 Mar 1987 CDU + CSU + FDP
Helmut Kohl (III) CDU 12 Mar 1987 - 18 Jan 1991 CDU + CSU + FDP
Helmut Kohl (IV) CDU 18 Jan 1991 - 17 Nov 1994 CDU + CSU + FDP
Helmut Kohl (V) CDU 17 Nov 1994 - 27 Oct 1998 CDU + CSU + FDP
Gerhard Schröder (I) SPD 27 Oct 1998 - 22 Oct 2002 SPD + Die Grünen
Gerhard Schröder (II) SPD 22 Oct 2002 - 22 Nov 2005 SPD + Die Grünen
Angela Merkel (I) CDU 22 Nov 2005 - 28 Oct 2009 CDU + CSU + SPD
Angela Merkel (II) CDU 28 Oct 2009 - in office CDU + CSU + FDP

(1) The FVP was founded in Feb 1956 by splinters of FDP opposed to the party's parliamentary caucus decision to quit the Government coalition. Four Cabinet ministers, hitherto members of FDP and including vicechancellor Franz Blücher, decided to remain in office as FVP members. The two minister of BHE joined CDU in 1956.

German Democratic
Governments 1989-1990

Parties and associations: BFD: Free Democrats Alliance CDUD: Christian Democratic Union of Germany (merged into West German CDU on Dec 1,1990) DA: Democratic Awakening DBD: Democratic Peasants' Party of Germany DJ: Democracy Now DSU: German Christian Social Union GL: Green League GP: Green Party IFM: Initiative for Peace and Human Rights LDPD: Liberal Democratic Party of Germany NDPD: National Democratic Party of Germany NF: New Forum PDS: Party of the Democratic Socialism (to Feb 4, 1990 called SED-PDS) SED: Socialist Unity Party of Germany (communist, from Dec 15, 1989 called SED-PDS) SPD: Social Democratic Party UFV: Independent Women's Association

Elections: 18 Mar 1990

Prime Minister PM affiliation Tenure Partisan composition
Hans Modrow (I) SED 13 Nov 1989 - 16 Nov 1989 SED
Hans Modrow (II) SED, SED-PDS 16 Nov 1989 - 05 Feb 1990 SED-PDS + LDPD + DBD + CDUD + NDPD (1)
Hans Modrow (III) PDS 05 Feb 1990 - 12 Apr 1990 PDS + LDPD + DBD + CDUD + NDPD + DA + SPD + UFV + NF + GP + GL + DJ + IFM (2)
Lothar de Maizière CDUD 12 Apr 1990 - 02 Oct 1990 CDUD/CDU + DSU + DA + SPD + BFD (3)

(1) LDPD, DBD, CDUD and NDPD belonged to the Nationale Front (NF), dominated by the SED.
(2) DA, SPD, UFV, NF, GP, GL, DJ and IFM were given a ministry without portolio.
(3) BFD withdrew on 24 Jul 1990. The GDR ceased to exist on 3 Oct 1990 upon incorporation into the Federal Republic of Germany.

Greek
Governments 1981-2009

Parties: KKE: Communist Party ND: New Democracy PASOK: Panhellenic Socialist Movement

Elections: 18 Oct 1981 / 2 Jun 1985 / 18 Jun 1989 / 5 Nov 1989 / 8 Apr 1990 / 10 Oct 1993 / 22 Sep 1996 / 9 Apr 2000 / 7 Mar 2004 / 16 Sep 2007 / 4 Oct 2009

Prime Minister PM affiliation Tenure Partisan composition
Andreas Papandreou (I) PASOK 21 Oct 1981 - 26 Jul 1985 PASOK
Andreas Papandreou (II) PASOK 26 Jul 1985 - 02 Jul 1989 PASOK
Tzannis Tzannetakis ND 02 Jul 1989 - 11 Oct 1989 ND + KKE
Ioannis Grivas n/p (acting) 11 Oct 1989 - 23 Nov 1989 n/p
Xenophon Zolotas n/p 23 Nov 1989 - 11 Apr 1990 ND + PASOK + KKE
Konstantinos Mitsotakis ND 11 Apr 1990 - 13 Oct 1993 ND
Andreas Papandreou (III) PASOK 13 Oct 1993 - 22 Jan 1996 PASOK
Kostas Simitis (I) PASOK 22 Jan 1996 - 24 Sep 1996 PASOK
Kostas Simitis (II) PASOK 24 Sep 1996 - 13 Apr 2000 PASOK
Kostas Simitis (III) PASOK 13 Apr 2000 - 10 Mar 2004 PASOK
Kostas Karamanlis (I) ND 10 Mar 2004 - 19 Sep 2007 ND
Kostas Karamanlis (II) ND 19 Sep 2007 - 06 Oct 2009 ND
Georgios Papandreou PASOK 06 Oct 2009 - in office PASOK

Hungarian
Governments 1988-2009

Parties: MSzMP: Hungarian Socialist Workers' Party (communist, became the MSzP on Oct 7, 1989); MSzP: Hungarian Socialist Party; MDF: Hungarian Democratic Forum; FKgP: Independent Smallholders Party; KdNP: Christian Democratic People's Party; SzDSz: Free Democrats Alliance; Fidesz-MPP: Federation of Young Democrats-Hungarian Civic Party

Elections: 25 Mar-8 Apr 1990 / 9-28 May 1994 / 10-24 May 1998 / 7-21 Apr 2002 / 9-23 Apr 2006

Prime Minister PM affiliation Tenure Partisan composition
Miklós Németh MSzMP/MSzP 23 Nov 1988 - 03 May 1990 MSzMP/MSzP
József Antall MDF 03 May 1990 - 12 Dec 1993 MDF + FKgP + KdNP
Péter Boross MDF 12 Dec 1993 - 15 Jul 1994 MDF + FKgP + KdNP
Gyula Horn MSzP 15 Jul 1994 - 06 Jul 1998 MSzP + SzDSz
Viktor Orbán Fidesz-MPP 06 Jul 1998 - 27 May 2002 Fidesz-MPP + FKgP + MDF
Péter Medgyessy n/p 27 May 2002 - 27 Aug 2004 MSzP + SzDSz
Ferenc Gyurcsány (I) (1) MSzP 27 Aug 2004 - 09 Jun 2006 MSzP + SzDSz
Ferenc Gyurcsány (II) MSzP 09 Jun 2006 - 14 Apr 2009 MSzP + SzDSz (2)
Gordon Bajnai n/p 14 Apr 2009 - in office MSzP

(1) Ferenc Gyurcsány acted as prime minister from 27 Aug 2004 following Péter Medgyessy's resignation two days before; the Parliament endorsed Gyurcsány as incumbent prime minister on 29 Sep.
(2) SzDSz withdrew on 30 Apr 2008.

Icelandic
Governments 1988-2009

Parties: AB: People's Alliance (Alþýðubandalagið, merged into SF in 1998) AF: Social Democratic Party (Alþýðuflokkurinn, merged into SF in 1998) BF: Citizens' Party (Borgaraflokkurinn) FSF: Progressive Party (Framsóknarflokkurinn) SF: Social Democratic Alliance (Samfylkingin) SSF: Independence Party (Sjálfstæðisflokkurinn) VG: Left-Green Movement (Vinstrihreyfingin)

Elections: 20 Apr 1991 / 8 Apr 1995 / 8 May 1999 / 10 May 2003 / 12 May 2007 / 25 Apr 2009

Prime Minister PM affiliation Tenure Partisan composition
Steingrímur Hermannsson FSF 28 Sep 1988 - 30 Apr 1991 FSF + AF + AB + BF (1)
Davíd Oddsson (I) SSF 30 Apr 1991 - 23 Apr 1995 SSF + AF
Davíd Oddsson (II) SSF 23 Apr 1995 - 28 May 1999 SSF + FSF
Davíd Oddsson (III) SSF 28 May 1999 - 23 May 2003 SSF + FSF
Davíd Oddsson (IV) SSF 23 May 2003 - 15 Sep 2004 SSF + FSF
Halldór Ásgrímsson FSF 15 Sep 2004 - 15 Jun 2006 FSF + SSF
Geir Hilmar Haarde (I) SSF 15 Jun 2006 - 24 May 2007 SSF + FSF
Geir Hilmar Haarde (II) SSF 24 May 2007 - 01 Feb 2009 SSF + SF
Jóhanna Sigurdardóttir (I) SF 01 Feb 2009 - 10 May 2009 SF + VG
Jóhanna Sigurdardóttir (II) SF 10 May 2009 - in office SF + VG

(1) The Citizens' Party split from the SSF in 1987 and joined Hermannsson's Cabinet on 10 Sep 1989.

Irish
Governments 1982-2009

Parties: FF: Fianna Fáil FG: Fine Gael PD: Progressive Democrats LP Labor Party DL: Democratic Left GP: Green Party

Elections: 18 Feb 1982 / 24 Nov 1982 / 17 Feb 1987 / 15 Jun 1989 / 25 Nov 1992 / 6 Jun 1997 / 17 May 2002 / 24 May 2007

Prime Minister PM affiliation Tenure Partisan composition
Charles Haughey (II) FF 09 Mar 1982 - 14 Dec 1982 FF
Garret FitzGerald (II) FG 14 Dec 1982 - 10 Mar 1987 FG + LP
Charles Haughey (III) FF 10 Mar 1987 – 12 Jul 1989 FF
Charles Haughey (IV) FF 12 Jul 1989 - 11 Feb 1992 FF + PD
Albert Reynolds (I) FF 11 Feb 1992 - 12 Jan 1993 FF + PD (1)
Albert Reynolds (II) FF 12 Jan 1993 - 15 Dec 1994 FF + LP (2)
John Bruton FG 15 Dec 1994 - 26 Jun 1997 FG + LP + DL
Bertie Ahern (I) FF 26 Jun 1997 - 06 Jun 2002 FF + PD
Bertie Ahern (II) FF 06 Jun 2002 - 14 Jun 2007 FF + PD
Bertie Ahern (III) FF 14 Jun 2007 - 07 May 2008 FF + PD + GP
Brian Cowen FF 07 May 2008 - in office FF + PD + GP

(1) PD withdrew on 4 Nov 1992.
(2) LP withdrew on 17 Nov 1994.

This page is under construction

ZPC homepage© Copyright ZPC, Roberto Ortiz de Zárate, 1996-2009
http://www.terra.es/personal2/monolith/00europa.htm | mothman@teleline.es