Leaders of Iraq (State of Iraq)

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Look for biographies of the leaders (in Spanish) at CIDOB website.

Acronyms: ASU: Arab Socialist Union (Nasserist); Baath: Socialist Arab Rebirth Party; CPA: Coalition Provisional Authority (foreign occupation); DP: Dawa Party; DIP: Dawa Islamic Party; Hezbollah: Party of God; ICP: Iraqi Communist Party; IIP: Iraqi Islamic Party; INA: Iraqi National Accord; INC: Iraqi National Congress; KDP: Kurdistan Democratic Party; KIU: Kurdistan Islamic Union; NDP: National Democratic Party; ORHA: (US) Office of Reconstruction and Humanitarian Assistance for postwar Iraq; PUK: Patriotic Union of Kurdistan; RCC: Revolutionary Command Council (ruling political/military junta); SCIRI: Supreme Council for the Islamic Revolution in Iraq; USCENTCOM: US (military) Central Command

Heads of State

King Faysal II ibn Ghazi al-Hashimi 4 Apr 1939 - 14 Jul 1958 (+)e [picture] (1) Chairman of the Sovereignty Council Muhammad Najib ar-Rubay`i 14 Jul 1958 - 8 Feb 1963 Presidents of the Republic and the RCC `Abd as-Salam Muhammad `Aref 8 Feb 1963 - 13 Apr 1966 (+)k [picture] military/ASU (2) `Abd ar-Rahman al-Bazzaz 13 Apr 1966 - 16 Apr 1966 (+1973)e (acting) `Abd ar-Rahman Muhammad `Aref 16 Apr 1966 - 17 Jul 1968 (+2007) [picture] military/ASU Ahmad Hassan al-Bakr 17 Jul 1968 - 16 Jul 1979 (+1982) [picture] military/Baath Saddam Hussein at-Tikriti 16 Jul 1979 - 9 Apr 2003 (+2006)e [picture] Baath ** vacant ** 9 Apr 2003 - 28 Jun 2004 (3) Presidents of the State Ghazi Mashal `Ajil al-Yawar 28 Jun 2004 - 7 Apr 2005 [picture] n/p (interim) Jalal at-Talabani 7 Apr 2005 [picture] PUK (transitional to 22 Apr 2006)

(1) Faysal was the regency of `Abd al-Ilah ibn Ali (+1958, executed) to 23 May 1953.
(2) Provisional president to 20 Nov 1963.
(3) The US-British invasion to disarm and topple the regime of Saddam Hussein began on 20 Mar 2003. On 9 Apr, advancing US troops took control of central Baghdad, marking the collapse of the Baath party regime but not yet the end of the war (which was announced by president George Bush on 1 May). A power vacuum existed de facto at least to the installation on 13 Jul 2003 by the occupant powers of a 25-member Iraq Governing Council (see below), which acted as the first post-Saddam national -but not sovereign- ruling institution.

Heads of Government

Prime Ministers Hamdi al-Bajaji 4 Jun 1944 - 23 Feb 1946 (+1948) Sulayman Tawfiq Bey as-Suwaydi 23 Feb 1946 - 1 Jun 1946 (+1968) Arshad al-Umari 1 Jun 1946 - 21 Nov 1946 Nuri Pasha as-Said 21 Nov 1946 - 29 Mar 1947 (+1958)e [picture] Salih Jabr 29 Mar 1947 - 29 Jan 1948 (+1957) Muhammad as-Sadr 29 Jan 1948 - 26 Jun 1948 Muzahim al-Bajaji 26 Jun 1948 - 6 Jan 1949 Nuri Pasha as-Said 6 Jan 1949 - 10 Dec 1949 (+1958)e [picture] Ali Jawdat al-Aiyubi 10 Dec 1949 - 5 Feb 1950 Sulayman Tawfiq Bey as-Suwaydi 5 Feb 1950 - 15 Sep 1950 (+1968) Nuri Pasha as-Said 15 Sep 1950 - 12 Jul 1952 (+1958)e [picture] Mustafa Mahmud al-Umari 12 Jul 1952 - 23 Nov 1952 Nureddin Mahmud 23 Nov 1952 - 29 Jan 1953 military Jamil Bey al-Midfai 29 Jan 1953 - 17 Sep 1953 (+1959) Muhammad Fadhel al-Jamali 17 Sep 1953 - 29 Apr 1954 (+1997) Arshad al-Umari 29 Apr 1954 - 4 Aug 1954 Nuri Pasha as-Said 4 Aug 1954 - 20 Jun 1957 (+1958)e [picture] Ali Jawdat al-Aiyubi 20 Jun 1957 - 15 Dec 1957 `Abd al-Wahhab Marjan 15 Dec 1957 - 3 Mar 1958 (+1964) Nuri Pasha as-Said 3 Mar 1958 - 18 May 1958 (+1958)e [picture] Ahmad Mukhtar Baban 18 May 1958 - 14 Jul 1958 (+)e `Abd al-Karim Kassem 14 Jul 1958 - 8 Feb 1963 (+)e [picture] military Ahmad Hassan al-Bakr 8 Feb 1963 - 18 Nov 1963 (+1982) [picture] military/Baath Tahir Yahya 20 Nov 1963 - 6 Sep 1965 (+1986) military/ASU `Aref `Abd ar-Razzaq 6 Sep 1965 - 21 Nov 1965 military/ASU `Abd ar-Rahman al-Bazzaz 21 Nov 1965 - 9 Aug 1966 (+1973)e Naji Talib 9 Aug 1966 - 10 May 1967 `Abd ar-Rahman Muhammad `Aref 10 May 1967 - 10 Jul 1967 (+2007) [picture] military/ASU Tahir Yahya 10 Jul 1967 - 17 Jul 1968 (+1986) military/ASU `Abd ar-Razzaq Said an-Najif 17 Jul 1968 - 30 Jul 1968 (+1978)a military Ahmad Hassan al-Bakr 31 Jul 1968 - 16 Jul 1979 (+1982) [picture] military/Baath Saddam Hussein at-Tikriti 16 Jul 1979 - 23 Mar 1991 (+2006)e [picture] Baath Saadun Hammadi 23 Mar 1991 - 13 Sep 1991 (+2007) [picture] Baath Muhammad Hamzah az-Zubaydi 16 Sep 1991 - 5 Sep 1993 (+2005) [picture] Baath Ahmad Hussein as-Samarraj 5 Sep 1993 - 29 May 1994 Baath Saddam Hussein at-Tikriti 29 May 1994 - 9 Apr 2003 (+2006)e [picture] Baath ** power vacuum ** 9 Apr 2003 - 13 Jul 2003 Chairmen of the Iraq Governing Council (IGC) Muhammad Bahr al-`Ulum 13 Jul 2003 - 31 Jul 2003 [picture] n/p, Shiite (acting) Ibrahim ash-Shaiqr al-Ja`afari 1 Aug 2003 - 31 Aug 2003 [picture] DIP, Shiite Ahmad `Abd al-Hadi al-Chalabi 1 Sep 2003 - 30 Sep 2003 [picture] INC, Shiite Iyad Hashim al-`Allawi 1 Oct 2003 - 31 Oct 2003 [picture] INA, Shiite Jalal at-Talabani 1 Nov 2003 - 30 Nov 2003 [picture] PUK, Sunni Kurd `Abd al-`Aziz Muhsin al-Hakim 1 Dec 2003 - 31 Dec 2003 (+2009) [picture] SCIRI, Shiite Adnan Muzahim al-Pachachi 1 Jan 2004 - 31 Jan 2004 [picture] n/p, Sunni Muhsin `Abd al-Hamid 1 Feb 2004 - 29 Feb 2004 [picture] IIP, Sunni Muhammad Bahr al-`Ulum 1 Mar 2004 - 31 Mar 2004 [picture] n/p, Shiite Massud Mustafa al-Barzani 1 Apr 2004 - 30 Apr 2004 [picture] KDP, Sunni Kurd Ezzedine Salim 1 May 2004 - 17 May 2004 (+)a [picture] DIP, Shiite Ghazi Mashal `Ajil al-Yawar 17 May 2004 - 1 Jun 2004 [picture] n/p, Sunni President of the (interim) Council of Ministers Iyad Hashim al-`Allawi 1 Jun 2004 - 28 Jun 2004 [picture] INA (interim) President of the Iraq Interim Government (IIG) Iyad Hashim al-`Allawi 28 Jun 2004 - 3 May 2005 [picture] INA President of the Iraq Transitional Government (ITG) Ibrahim ash-Shaiqr al-Ja`afari 3 May 2005 - 20 May 2006 [picture] DIP Prime Minister Nuri al-Maliki 20 May 2006 - [picture] DIP

US civilian administrators 
Jay M. Garner (Head of ORHA)   21 Apr 2003 -  1 Jun 2003          [picture] (3)
L. Paul Bremer (Head of CPA)   16 May 2003 - 28 Jun 2004          [picture] (4)

Commanders of the military occupation
Commanders-in-chief/USCENTCOM
Gen. Tommy R. Franks            9 Apr 2003 -  7 Jul 2003          [picture] United States
Lt. Gen. John P. Abizaid        7 Jul 2003 -                      [picture] United States 

Coalition Forces Land Component Command (CFLCC) 
Lt. Gen. David D. McKiernan     9 Apr 2003 - 14 Jun 2003          [picture] United States (5)

Coalition Joint Task Force 7 (CJTF 7) 
Lt. Gen. Ricardo S. Sanchez    14 Jun 2003 -  1 Jul 2004          [picture] United States (5)
 
 1st Armored Division                            United States (as of 1 Jan 2004, see 6)    
 82nd Airborne Division                          United States (as of 1 Jan 2004, see 7)
 4th Infantry Division (Mechanized)              United States (as of 1 Jan 2004, see 8)
 101st Airborne Division                         United States (as of 1 Jan 2004, see 9)
 Multi-National Division South-East (MND-SE)     United Kingdom (10)
 Multi-National Division Central-South (MND-CS)  Poland (11)

(3) The ORHA was a US agency created on 20 Jan 2003 by presidential directive, organized within the US Defence Department and put under military command of the USCENTCOM. The first head of the ORHA, retired US Lt. Gen. Jay Garner, acted as top administrator of the occupied Iraq from his arrival to Baghdad, on 21 Apr, to the arrival of special ambassador Paul Bremer, on 12 May. On 1 Jun, the ORHA was superseded by the CPA.

(4) On 6 May 2003 president George Bush appointed retired diplomat Paul Bremer as his special envoy to Iraq, making him the senior civilian in charge of rebuilding the country's Government and infrastructure. Bremer arrived Baghdad on 12 May and in the next days was taking over his functions as head of the CPA, which was formally constitued on 16 May. The CPA, filled mainly with US officials, took over from the ORHA, superseding it, on 1 Jun 2003. Bremer did not report to the USCENTCOM but to the White House through the Defence Secretary.

(5) The CFLCC and then its successor, the CJTF 7, were the commands controlling all military ground forces, US and non-US, deployed in occupied Iraq. The CFLCC reported to the Third Army/Army Central Command (ARCENT), while the CJTF 7 reported directly to the USCENTCOM. HQs at Baghdad.

(6) The 1st AD took control over the Baghdad area.
(7) The 82nd ABD took control over the West zone (Anbar province). HQs at Ramadi.
(8) The 4th ID took control over the North Central zone. HQs at Tikrit.
(9) The 101st ABD took control over the North zone. HQs at Mosul.
(10) The MND-SE, commanded by United Kingdom, was established on 12 Jul 2003. HQs at Basrah
(11) The MND-CS, commanded by Poland, was established on 3 Sep 2003. HQs at Hillah.

Saddam Hussein at-Tikriti (b. 1937- d. 2006) Paramount ruler and absolute dictator, Field Marshall (self-promoted). Deputy General Secretary of the Baath's Regional Command from 1965 to Jul 1979; Vice Chairman of the RCC from Jul 1968 to Jul 1979; Vice President of the Republic from Nov 1969 to Jul 1979; President of the Republic, Chairman of the RCC, General Secretary of the Baath's Regional Command and Comm.-in-Chief of the Iraqi Armed Forces (the four posts) from Jul 1979; general secretary of the Baath's Mational leadership from Jun 2000; also Prime Minister twice, from Jul 1979 to Mar 1991 and again from May 1994. Overthrown on Apr 9, 2003 as invading US troops took control of central Baghdad and provoked the collapse of the regime. Captured on Dec 13, 2003 by US military in an underground hide-out on a farm near his hometown of Tikrit. Put on trial by the Iraq Special Tribunal for crimes against humanity; found guilty for the massacre in Dujail, sentenced to death by hanging on Nov 5, 2006; executed at Camp Justice, Al Kadhimiyah, Baghdad on Dec 30, 2006.

Adnan Khairallah Tulfah (b. 1941 - d. 1989) Army Gen., cousin and brother-in-law of Saddam Hussein. Minister of Defence from Oct 1977, Deputy Prime Minister from Oct 1982; member of the Baath's Regional Command; member of the RCC; theoretical number two of the regime and Saddam's successor. Killed in helicopter crash on May 5, 1989; plot (internal purge) suspected.

Hussein Kamel al-Majid (b. 194? - d. 1995) Army Lt.-Gen., cousin and son-in-law of Saddam Hussein. Director of the Special Security Organization (Al-`Amn Al-Khas) in the 80s and head of the Military Industrialization Organization, a Government body in charge of the mass destruction weaponry programmes; member of the Baath's Regional Command. Defected to Jordan with his younger brother, Lt.-Col. Saddam Kamel al-Majid, both wives (daughters of Saddam) and children on Aug 8, 1995. Both brothers assassinated on return to Iraq on Feb 23, 1996 as victims of internal purge.

Izzat Ibrahim ad-Duri (b. 1942) former father-in-law of Uday Saddam Hussein. Former minister of Agriculture; minister of the Interior from late 70s to early 80s; member of the Baath's Regional Command; Vice Chairman of the RCC from Jul 1979; Deputy Comm.-in-Chief of the Iraqi Armed Forces; number two in the party-State hyerarchy; named commander of the Northern Military region on Mar 16, 2003 in the eve of the war against the western allies. Mistakenly reported dead on Nov 11, 2005.

Taha Yassin Ramadan al-Jazrawi (b. 1938 - d. 2007) Minister of Industry in the 70s; head of the paramilitary People's Army to 1991; first Deputy Prime Minister from Jul 1979 to Mar 1991; member of the Baath's Regional Command; Vice President of the Republic from Mar 1991. Captured by fighters of the Patriotic Union of Kurdistan (PUK) in Mosul and turned over to US military on Aug 19, 2003. Defendant in the Iraq Special Tribunal's Al-Dujail trial, first sentenced to life imprisonment on Nov 5, 2006 and then, upon ruling of the appeals court, sentenced to death by hanging on Feb 12, 2007, being executed on Mar 20.

Tarik Mikhail Aziz (b. 1936) Minister of Information from Nov 1974 to Oct 1977; member of the Baath's Regional Command from Jan 1977; appointed member of the RCC in Sep 1977; Deputy Prime Minister from Jul 1979; Minister of Foreign Affairs twice, from Jan 1983 to Mar 1991 and -in acting capacity- from Apr to Aug 2001. Surrendered to US forces on Apr 24, 2003 in occupied Baghdad.

Ali Hassan al-Majid (b. 1941) Army Lt.-Gen., cousin of Saddam Hussein. Former director of the General Security Service (Al-`Amn Al-`Amm); General Secretary of the Baath's Northern Bureau from 1987 to 1989; Minister of Local Governments from 1989 to 1990; Governor of occupied Kuwait (1990-1991) for Military affairs; Minister of the Interior from Mar to Nov 1991; Minister of Defence from Nov 1991 to Jul 1995; named Army commander in the South in Dec 1998; member of the Baath's Regional Command; member of the RCC from 1988; lately, presidential adviser and envoy; named commander of the Southern Military region on Mar 16, 2003 in the eve of the war against the western allies. First reported as killed on Apr 5, 2003 in Basra, in a precision airstrike on his villa, in the course of the US-British invasion of Iraq, but on Aug 21 US officials announced he was alive and under US custody. Put on trial by the Iraq Special Tribunal for crimes against humanity; found guilty for the massacre of Kurdish civilians in the 80s (al-Anfal campaign), sentenced to death by hanging on Jun 24, 2007.

Qusay Saddam Hussein at-Tikriti (b. 1966 - d. 2003) Younger (male) son of Saddam Hussein. Head of the Special Republican Guard (Al-Haris Al-Jamhuri Al-Khas); head of the Special Security Organization (Al-`Amn Al-Khas); from May 2001, member of the Baath's Regional Command, deputy of the Baath's Military Bureau and attached to the RCC as supervisor of the Republican Guard; named commander of the Central-Eastern Military region on Mar 16, 2003 in the eve of the war against the western allies. Killed on Jul 22, 2003 along with his brother Uday in the assault by US forces to the villa in Mosul where they were hidden.

Uday Saddam Hussein at-Tikriti (b. 1964 - d. 2003) Elder son of Saddam Hussein. Chairman of the Iraqi Olympic Committee; Chairman of the Iraqi Students Union; head of the Fedayin Saddam paramilitary militia; member of the National Assembly; unofficial minister of Youth and Sports. Killed on Jul 22, 2003 along with his brother Qusay in the assault by US forces to the villa in Mosul where they were hidden.

Barzan Ibrahim al-Hassan at-Tikriti (b. 1951 - d. 2007) Half brother and brother-in-law of Saddam Hussein. Former director of the Special Security Organization (Al-`Amn Al-Khas); director of the General Intelligence Service (Al-Mukhabarat Al-`Amma) from 1979 to 1983; Iraqi ambassador to the United Nations in Geneva from 1988 to 1998; lately, presidential advisor but under surveillance or house arrest. First, reportedly killed on Apr 11, 2003 in a US precision airstrike against his villa in the region of Ramadi, west of Baghdad, in the course of the US-British invasion of Iraq, but shortly after, on Apr 17, captured alive by US special forces in Baghdad. Put on trial by Iraqi justice for crimes against humanity, found guilty for the massacre in Dujail and sentenced to death by hanging on Nov 5, 2006. Executed on Jan 15, 2007.

Watban Ibrahim al-Hassan at-Tikriti (b. 1953) Half brother of Saddam Hussein. Minister of the Interior from 1991 to May 1995; lately, presidential advisor. Captured by Kurdish elements in Rabia, near the Syrian border, and turned over to the US military on Apr 13, 2003.

Muhammad Hamzah az-Zubaydi (b. 1938 - d. 2005) Prime minister from Sep 1991 to Sep 1993; commander of Central Euphrates Region from 1998 to 2000; Deputy Prime Minister from 1994; sacked as member of the Baath's Regional Command, member of the RCC and Deputy Prime Minister in May 2001. Arrested by elements of the so-called Free Iraqi Forces, from the Iraqi National Congress, in Hillah, south of Baghdad, and turned over to US military on Apr 21, 2003. Died at a US military hospital in Baghdad on Dec 2, 2005 while expecting to face the special tribunal hearing war crimes charges against the top leaders of the deposed regime.

Abid Hamid Mahmud at-Tikriti (b. 19??) Distant cousin of Saddam Hussein. Presidential secretary from 1992; top official responsible for Saddam's personal security and protection. Captured by US military on Jun 16, 2003.

Sultan Hashim Ahmad al-Jabburi at-Tai (b. 19??) Army Lt.-Gen., Minister of Defence from Jul 1995; while being operations chief at the Defence Ministry, head of the Iraqi delegation in the Mar 3, 1991 Safwan meeting with Gen. Norman Schwarzkopf to accept the allied conditions for the ceasefire, as last chapter of the I Gulf War. Surrendered to US military upon negociated conditions in Mosul on Sep 19, 2003. Released with no charges on 27 Nov, 2003.

Mahmud Dhiyab al-Ahmad (b. 19??) Former Minister of Housing and Reconstruction and of Irrigation; Minister of the Interior from May 2001. Reported first as captured by US military on Jul 8, 2003, but reported again as surrendered on Aug 8.

Muhammad Said Kazim as-Sahhaf (b. 1940) Minister of Foreign Affairs from 1992 to Apr 2001; Minister of Information from Apr 2001. Surrendered to US military after the occupation of Baghdad and interrogated before being released; exiled to United Arab Emirates in early July.

Naji Sabri Ahmad al-Hadithi (b. 1951) Minister of Foreign Affairs from Aug 2001.

`Amir Rashid Muhammad al-Ubaydi (b. 19??) Army Lt.-Gen., former head of the Military Industrialization Organization; former Minister of Oil. Surrendered to US military of Apr 28, 2003.

`Abd at-Tawab Mullah al-Huwaysh (b. 19??) Deputy Prime Minister in charge of arms procurement and head of the Military Industrialization Organization. Put under custody of US military on May 2, 2003.

Aziz Salih an-Numan (b. 19??) Member of the Baath's Regional Command; former minister of Irrigation and Agriculture; former governor of Najaf and Karbala; governor of occupied Kuwait (1990-1991) for Administrative affairs. Captured by US military on May 21, 2003 near Baghdad.

Samir `Abd al-Aziz an-Najim (b. 19??) Member of the Baath's Regional Command and Military Bureau; former Army Chief-of-Staff; Minister of Oil to early 2003; head of East Baghdad Governorate. Captured by Kurdish elements near Mosul and turned over to the US military on Apr 18, 2003.

Hikmat Mizban Ibrahim al-Azzawi (b. 19??) Deputy Prime Minister and Minister of Finance. Arrested by Iraqi police in Baghdad and taken into custody of US military on Apr 19, 2003.

Muhammad Mahdi as-Salih (b. 19??) Minister of Trade. Captured and taken into custody of US military on Apr 23, 2003.

Humam `Abd al-Khaliq `Abd al-Ghafur (b. 19??) Minister of Higher Education and Scientific Research. Seized by US military on Apr 19, 2003.

Muzahim Sa`b Hassan at-Tikriti (b. 19??) Gen, commander of the Air Force. Captured and taken into custody of US military on Apr 23, 2003.

Muhammad Ziman `Abd ar-Razzaq as-Sa`adun (b. 19??) Member of the Baath's Regional Command; minister of the Interior from May 1995 to May 2001. Arrested by Iraqi Police at his home in Baghdad on Feb 15, 2004.

Latif Nussayif Jasim ad-Dulaymi (b. 19??) Member of the Baath's Regional Command and deputy chairman of the Baath's Military Bureau; taken into custody of US military on Jun 10, 2003.

Zuhayr Talib Talib `Abd as-Sattar an-Naqib (b. 19??) Army Gen., head of the Military Intelligence Directorate (Al-Istikhbarat Al-`Askariyya). Surrendered to US military in occupied Baghdad on Apr 23, 2003.

Walid Hamid Tawfiq at-Tikriti (b. 19??) Governor of the Southern region (Basrah). Surrendered to the Iraqi National Congress on Apr 29, 2003 and handed over to US military.

Mizban Khadr Hadi (b. 19??) Member of the RCC and the Baath's Regional Command; former governor of Najaf; minister without portfolio from Jun 1982; head of the Baath's Farmers' Central Office from May 2001; named commander of the Central-Euphrates (West) Military region on Mar 16, 2003 in the eve of the war against the western allies. Surrendered in Baghdad and taken into custody by US military on Jul 8, 2003.

Saadun Hammadi (b. 1930 - d. 2007) Foreign Minister from 1974 to 1983; Prime Minister from Mar to Sep 1991; Speaker of the National Assembly from 1995 to 2003; arrested by US military in Baghdad on May 29, 2003, released from a prison camp in Feb 2004; died in Germany of natural causes on Mar 14, 2007.

Taha Muhyi ad-Din Maruf (b. 1924 - d. 2009) Vice President of the Republic from Apr 1974, member of the RCC; member of the Baath's Regional Command. Put under custody of US military on May 2, 2003.

Hussan Muhammad Amin al-Yassin (b. 19??) Army Lt.-Gen.; head of the National Monitoring Directorate; chief liaison officer to the UN weapons inspection teams. Surrendered to US military in Baghdad on Apr 27, 2003.

`Amir Hammudi Hassan as-Saadi (b. 19??) Army Gen.; top presidential scientific adviser. Surrendered to US forces on Apr 12, 2003 in occupied Baghdad.

Huda Salih Mahdi Ammash (b. 1953) Microbiologist, daughter of the late Interior minister and RCC vice chairman Salih Mahdi Ammash (+1983); senior officer in charge of germ weaponry development and member of the Baath's Regional Command. Taken into custody of US military in Baghdad on May 4, 2003. Released on 19 Dec 2005.

Nizar al-Khazraji (b. 19??) Former Army Gen. and Chief-of-Staff. Defected in 1995; living in Denmark from 1999. Dissapeared from his Danish home on Mar 17, 2003.

Muhammad ad-Duri (b. 19??) Ambassador to United Nations in New York.

Nizar Hamdun (b. 1944 - d. 2003) Ambassador to United Nations in New York from 1993 to 1999 and former deputy foreign minister. Died on Jul 5, 2003 of natural causes.

Jamal Mustafa `Abd Allah Sultan at-Tikriti (b. 19??) Son-in-law of Saddam Hussein; Deputy Head of the Tribal Affairs Office and private secretary of the president. Surrendered to elements of the Iraqi National Congress in Baghdad after coming back from Syria on Apr 20, 2003 and turned over into US custody the next day.

Kamal Mustafa `Abd Allah Sultan at-Tikriti (b. 19??) Army Gen., cousin of Saddam Hussein; General Secretary of the Republican Guard and the Special Republican Guard. Surrendered to US military in Baghdad on May 17, 2003.

Hani `Abd al-Latif Tulfah at-Tikriti (b. 19??) Director of the Special Security Organization (Al-`Amn Al-Khas).

Sabawi Ibrahim al-Hassan at-Tikriti (b. 1939?) Former member of the RCC; former director of the General Security Service (Al-`Amn Al-`Amm); former director of the General Intelligence Service (Al-Mukhabarat Al-`Amma); governor of the occupied Kuwait (1990-1991) for Security affairs. Captured by security forces in Feb 2005.

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