Article IX

Subject:      IX. Orbital isobars H3 and He3
From:         G.Sardin" <gsardin@lix.intercom.es>
Date:         1996/06/12
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IX. COMPARISON BETWEEN THE COHESIVE CAPACITY OF  H3 AND OF He3

 These two nuclides are isobars, i.e. they have an identical three
 protons core. They differ through their envelop respectively with two
 carriers and a single carrier. How come the He3 envelop with a single
 carrier is stable while the H3 one with two carriers is not? Well,
 since the He3 envelop has only one carrier it has no inner repulsive
 forces, i.e. E3 = 0 (Equ.1). Instead, the H3 envelop since having two
 carriers has thus inner repulsive forces (E3 > 0), which weaken its
 cohesive capacity (with reference the three protons core).
 
 E = E1(core-envelop) - [E2(core) + E3(envelop)]        (1)
 
 where E is the envelop net cohesive energy, E1 the cohesive energy
 between core and envelop, E2 the dispersive energy inner to the proton
 core and E3 the dispersive energy inner to the envelop. Also:
 
 E = M*c2 - (mp*c2)*A                                   (2)
 
 where M, mp, A and c are respectively the nucleus mass of the nuclide,
 the proton mass, the mass number and the celerity of light.
 
 Table of the orbital bonding energies for H3 and He3
 
  Nuclide  A     E/A      N     E/N      Z     E(MeV)
  ----------------------------------------------------
    1H3    3   1.964719   2   2.947079   1    5.894158
    2He3   3   2.141274   1   6.423823   2    6.423823
 
 The respective values of the cohesive energy are:
 
 E(1H3)  - E(3p core) = - 5.894158 MeV
 E(2He3) - E(3p core) = - 6.423823 MeV
 
 thus the difference of cohesive energy between these two isobars is:
 
 E(envelop 2He3) - E(envelop 1H3) = 0.529665 MeV (value which is only
 slightly higher than the electron rest energy of 0.51 MeV)
 
 The table evidences that the absolute value of the envelop cohesive
 energy of the helion3 (which is stable) is slightly higher (0.529665
 MeV) than the one of the triton (which is slightly unstable, mean life
 time = 12.32 y). The higher energy of the He3 envelop allows its
 transition to the lower energy envelop of H3 through the ejection of
 one carrier (c-) which acquires in free state the beta- identity,
 transition that releases a neutrino (c+,c-)1/2.
 
 H3 (3p + 2c-)  =>  He3 (3p + 1c-) + 1c- (in beta- form) + (c+,c-)1/2
 
 Since both nuclides have the same three proton core, the mean cohesive
 energy applied to each core proton is 1.964719 MeV for the 1H3 and
 2.141274 MeV for the 2He3, values which are however not much different.
 This is not the case for the envelop carriers. In effect, since the He3
 has only one carrier then the mean cohesive energy per carrier is equal
 to the envelop total net energy of 6.423823 MeV while for H3 its
 envelop having two carriers each one bears only 2.947079 MeV, value
 which is quite low and thus the H3 carriers are weakly bonded to the
 nucleus.
 
 As a brief conclusion let us point out that the orbital conception of
 nucleons and of nuclear forces provides an immediate aprehention of the
 phenomenology of the forces ruling the structure, cohesion and
 stability of nuclides.
 
 I recall that everyone is invited to take part in the many quantitative
 developments from the Orbital Conception of Elementary Particles and
 in particular of nucleons.